Migration and Its Reception · 移民及其接收
Growth pulled workers in
- Because of the economic growth of the 1950s and 1960s, migrant workers from southern Europe, Asia, and Africa immigrated to western and central Europe.
- The CED gives the cause first: because of the economic growth — 9.2's miracle needed labour.
- So this migration is a consequence of the same policy that produced the consumer boom.
增长把工人拉了进来
- 由于 1950 与 1960 年代的经济增长,来自南欧、亚洲与非洲的移民工人迁入西欧与中欧。
- CED 先给出原因:由于经济增长——9.2 的那场奇迹需要劳动力。
- 因此这场迁徙是与那场消费繁荣同一政策的后果。
The CED's stated cause of the postwar labour migration is... · CED stated cause of the postwar labour migration is...（CED指出的战后劳动力迁移原因是……）
9.2's miracle needed labour. · 9.2的奇迹需要劳动力。
Then the downturn changed the reception
- However, after the economic downturn of the 1970s, these workers and their families often became targets of anti-immigrant agitation and extreme nationalist political parties.
- However marks the hinge, and the trigger is economic, not demographic — the people had not changed.
- 9.6's stagnation is the same downturn, so this subtopic and that one describe one decade from two sides.
随后经济下行改变了接受方式
- 然而,在 1970 年代的经济下行之后,这些工人及其家庭常常成为反移民鼓动与极端民族主义政党的目标。
- 然而标示出那个铰链,而触发因素是经济性的,不是人口性的——那些人并没有改变。
- 9.6 的停滞正是同一次下行,因此本小节与那一小节是从两侧描述同一个十年。
The trigger for anti-immigrant agitation was... · 反移民骚动的触发点是……
The people had not changed; the economy had. · 人民未变，经济变了。
Religion enters the argument
- Increased immigration into Europe altered Europe's religious makeup, causing debate and conflict over the role of religion in social and political life.
- That places migration inside 8.1's third thread — the role of religion in determining moral standards.
- So the CED treats the debate as intellectual as well as social, which is why the material sits under a knowledge claim.
宗教进入了这场争论
- 移民的增加改变了欧洲的宗教构成,引发了关于宗教在社会与政治生活中作用的辩论与冲突。
- 这就把迁徙置于 8.1 的第三条线索之内——宗教在确定道德标准中的作用。
- 因此 CED 把这场辩论既当作社会性的也当作思想性的,这正是这份材料被放在一项知识主张之下的原因。
A cause, an effect, or the change in reception? · 原因、结果还是接收方式的变化？
Sort each element of postwar migration. · 对后战移民的各要素进行分类。
Match each origin to the kind of movement it is. · 将每个来源与其所属的运动类型相匹配。
The objective distinguishes the two. · objective区分了这两者。
The trigger for hostility was economic, not demographic. The same workers were recruited because of the economic growth of the 1950s and 1960s and then, after the economic downturn of the 1970s, often became targets of anti-immigrant agitation — the people had not changed; the economy had.
敌意的触发因素是经济性的,不是人口性的。同样这些工人因 1950 与 1960 年代的经济增长而被招募,随后在 1970 年代的经济下行之后常常成为反移民鼓动的目标——那些人并没有改变;改变的是经济。
Select all · 所有 the effects the CED names. · 选择CED命名的所有影响。
Five items across two sentences. · 两句话中的五个项目。
Two kinds of movement
- The objective distinguishes migration within Europe from immigration to Europe, and the CED's own sentence covers both.
- Southern Europe is migration within; Asia and Africa is immigration to.
- Keeping the distinction is the easiest way to show the objective has been read.
两类移动
- 这一目标区分了欧洲内部的迁徙与迁入欧洲的移民,而 CED 自己的句子涵盖了两者。
- 南欧属于内部迁徙;亚洲与非洲属于迁入。
- 保持这一区分,是显示已经读懂这一目标的最简便方式。
The religion debate places migration inside the thread about religion's role in determining moral ____. · 宗教辩论将移民置于关于宗教在决定道德____方面的作用这一脉络中。
8.1's third thread. · 8.1的第三个脉络。
Causes and effects
- Causes: economic growth needing labour, then a downturn changing what that labour meant politically.
- Effects: an altered religious makeup, debate over religion's public role, and anti-immigrant agitation and parties.
- The CED names all five in two sentences, so the material is unusually compact and worth using closely.
成因与效果
- 成因:经济增长需要劳动力,继而是一场下行改变了这些劳动力在政治上的意涵。
- 效果:被改变的宗教构成、关于宗教公共角色的辩论,以及反移民的鼓动与政党。
- CED 在两句话里点出了全部五项,因此这份材料异常紧凑,值得贴近使用。
A factory advertises abroad for workers in a boom and lays them off in a slump. The people who answered the first advertisement are still there when the second decision is taken, and they are the most visible part of a change nobody chose.
一家工厂在繁荣期向国外招工,又在萧条期把他们解雇。当第二个决定作出时,当初应聘的那些人仍然在那里,而他们是一场无人选择的变化中最显眼的部分。
Because of the economic growth of the 1950s and 1960s, migrant workers from southern Europe, Asia, and Africa immigrated to western and central Europe; however, after the economic downturn of the 1970s, these workers and their families often became targets of anti-immigrant agitation and extreme nationalist political parties. Increased immigration into Europe altered Europe's religious makeup, causing debate and conflict over the role of religion in social and political life.
由于 1950 与 1960 年代的经济增长,来自南欧、亚洲与非洲的移民工人迁入西欧与中欧;然而,在 1970 年代的经济下行之后,这些工人及其家庭常常成为反移民鼓动与极端民族主义政党的目标。 移民的增加改变了欧洲的宗教构成,引发了关于宗教在社会与政治生活中作用的辩论与冲突。