The European Union · 欧洲联盟
Rivalries set aside, deliberately
- European states began to set aside nationalist rivalries in favour of economic and political integration, forming a series of transnational unions that grew in size and scope over the second half of the 20th century.
- Set aside is a choice, not a disappearance — the rivalries are still there, and the states decide not to act on them.
- A series... that grew in size and scope says integration was incremental, not founded once.
有意搁置的对抗
- 欧洲各国开始搁置民族主义的对抗,转而支持经济与政治一体化,组成了一系列在 20 世纪下半叶不断在规模与范围上扩大的跨国联合体。
- 搁置是一种选择,不是一种消失——那些对抗仍然存在,而各国决定不去按它们行事。
- 一系列……在规模与范围上不断扩大说明一体化是渐进的,不是一次性建立的。
'Set aside nationalist rivalries' means the rivalries... · '搁置民族主义竞争'意味着竞争……
A choice, not a disappearance. · 是一种选择，而非消失。
Sovereignty against membership
- EU member nations continue to balance questions of national sovereignty with the responsibilities of membership in an economic and political union.
- Continue to balance is present tense and ongoing — the CED declines to say the question is settled.
- So the union is described as a standing negotiation, not a finished constitutional arrangement.
主权对成员身份
- 欧盟成员国持续在国家主权问题与作为一个经济与政治联盟成员的责任之间求取平衡。
- 持续在……求取平衡是现在时且仍在进行——CED 拒绝说这个问题已经解决。
- 因此这个联盟被描述为一场持续进行的谈判,而不是一份完成了的宪制安排。
'Continue to balance' tells you the sovereignty question is... · '继续平衡'表明主权问题是……
The CED uses the present tense on purpose. · CED特意使用现在时态。
Why this is the end of unit 5's story
- 5.7's Congress of Vienna tried to contain the danger of revolutionary or nationalistic upheavals, by agreement between powers.
- The EU addresses the same danger by a different method: making the rivalries costly to act on rather than policing them.
- Two hundred years, one problem, two answers — that comparison is the strongest thing available here.
为何这是第五单元故事的终点
- 5.7 的维也纳会议试图通过强权之间的协议来遏制革命或民族主义动荡的危险。
- 欧盟以另一种方法应对同样的危险:使那些对抗一旦付诸行动代价高昂,而不是去监管它们。
- 两百年,一个问题,两种答案——这一比较是这里可用的最有力的东西。
Integration, the standing tension, or the comparison with Vienna? · 一体化、持久的张力还是与维也纳的比较？
Sort each element of the European Union. · 对欧盟的各要素进行分类。
The unions grew in size and ____ over the second half of the century. · 联盟在其后半叶在规模和____上有所增长。
Integration was incremental, not founded once. · 一体化是渐进的，并非一次性建立。
'Set aside' is a choice, not a disappearance. European states began to set aside nationalist rivalries in favour of economic and political integration — the rivalries remain, and member nations continue to balance sovereignty against the responsibilities of membership, in the CED's own present tense.
"搁置"是一种选择,不是一种消失。欧洲各国开始搁置民族主义的对抗,转而支持经济与政治一体化——那些对抗仍在,而成员国持续在主权与成员身份的责任之间求取平衡,这是 CED 自己使用的现在时。
Match each response to the same danger. · 将每项回应与相同的危险相匹配。
Two hundred years, one problem, two answers. · 两百年，一个问题，两个答案。
And what it does to identity
- 9.10 carries a second objective: how the European Union affected national and European identity.
- A person can hold a national identity and a European one, and the CED's balancing sentence is the political form of that.
- 7.2 showed nationalism could build or dissolve a state; the EU asks whether a second, larger belonging can sit above one.
以及它对身份认同的作用
- 9.10 承载第二个目标:欧洲联盟如何影响了民族与欧洲身份认同。
- 一个人可以同时持有一种民族身份认同与一种欧洲身份认同,而 CED 那句关于平衡的话正是这一点的政治形式。
- 7.2 显示民族主义既能建造也能瓦解一个国家;欧盟追问的是,第二种更大的归属能否置于其上。
9.10 carries a second objective about national and European identity. · 9.10包含第二个关于民族认同与欧洲认同的objective。
The balancing sentence is the political form of holding both. · 平衡句是同时持有两者的政治形式。
Economic developments and identity
- Economic: integration grew in size and scope, and 9.7 records enlargement through the admission of former Eastern bloc countries.
- Identity: an ongoing balance between sovereignty and membership, unresolved by the CED's own account.
- Answer the two objectives separately, then join them with the sentence about balance.
经济发展与身份认同
- 经济方面:一体化在规模与范围上不断扩大,而 9.7 记录了通过接纳前东方阵营国家而实现的扩大。
- 身份认同方面:主权与成员身份之间持续的平衡,按 CED 自己的说法并未解决。
- 分别回答这两个目标,然后用那句关于平衡的话把它们连起来。
Two states with a long quarrel bind their coal and steel together, so that fighting each other would first require dismantling something both need. The quarrel is not settled. It has been made expensive, which for practical purposes is a different kind of peace.
两个有着长久争执的国家把各自的煤钢捆绑在一起,以至于要互相开战,首先得拆掉双方都需要的某样东西。这场争执并没有被解决。它被弄得代价高昂,而就实际效果而言,这是另一种和平。
European states began to set aside nationalist rivalries in favour of economic and political integration, forming a series of transnational unions that grew in size and scope over the second half of the 20th century, and EU member nations continue to balance questions of national sovereignty with the responsibilities of membership in an economic and political union. Both verbs are ongoing: the rivalries are set aside, not dissolved, and the balance is continuing, not settled.
欧洲各国开始搁置民族主义的对抗,转而支持经济与政治一体化,组成了一系列在 20 世纪下半叶不断在规模与范围上扩大的跨国联合体,而欧盟成员国持续在国家主权问题与作为一个经济与政治联盟成员的责任之间求取平衡。两个动词都在进行之中:那些对抗是被搁置,而不是被消解;而这种平衡是持续的,而不是已经确定的。