Maintaining the Order · 维护秩序
Conservatism becomes an ideology
- Conservatives developed a new ideology in support of traditional political and religious authorities, which was based on the idea that human nature was not perfectible.
- New is deliberate: defending tradition with an argument is not the same as simply having tradition.
- And the foundation is a claim about human nature — the same kind of claim the Enlightenment made, reaching the opposite conclusion.
保守主义成为一种意识形态
- 保守派发展出一种新的意识形态,以支持传统的政治与宗教权威,其基础是人性并非可臻完善这一观念。
- 新的是有意为之:用论证来捍卫传统,与仅仅拥有传统不是一回事。
- 而其基础是一项关于人性的主张——与启蒙运动所作的是同一类主张,却得出了相反的结论。
The new conservative ideology was based on the idea that human nature was... · 新的保守主义意识形态基于人性是……的观点
The same kind of claim the Enlightenment made, opposite conclusion. · 与启蒙运动相同的论断，结论相反。
The Concert of Europe
- The Concert of Europe (or Congress System) sought to maintain the status quo through collective action and adherence to conservatism.
- Two methods in one sentence: collective action between states, and adherence to a doctrine within them.
- So 5.7's settlement acquires an ongoing institution — the containment is not a single act but a practice.
欧洲协调
- 欧洲协调(或称会议体系)寻求通过集体行动与对保守主义的恪守来维持现状。
- 一句话里有两种方法:国家之间的集体行动,以及各国内部对一种学说的恪守。
- 因此 5.7 的安排获得了一个持续运作的机构——遏制不是一次行动,而是一种做法。
Select both · 两者 methods the Concert of Europe used. · 选择欧洲协调使用的两种方法。
Between states, and within them. · 国家之间及国内层面。
Why the pairing makes sense
- If human nature is not perfectible, then a scheme to perfect society is not merely mistaken but dangerous.
- That argument justifies both the domestic doctrine and the international policing — one premise, two policies.
- Reading the ideology and the institution together is what makes 6.5 a single subtopic rather than two facts.
这一配对为何说得通
- 如果人性并非可臻完善,那么一套要完善社会的方案就不只是错误,而且是危险的。
- 这一论证同时为国内的学说与国际上的监管提供了理由——一个前提,两项政策。
- 把这种意识形态与这个机构放在一起读,正是 6.5 之所以是一个小节而不是两条事实的原因。
The argument, the institution, or the method? · 论点、制度还是方法？
Sort each element of how the order was maintained. · 对维持秩序的各要素进行排序。
The CED calls the conservative ideology new · 新的. · CED称该保守主义意识形态为“新”的。
Defending tradition with an argument is not the same as simply having tradition. · 用论据捍卫传统不同于仅仅拥有传统。
The conservative ideology is new, and it is an argument, not an inheritance. It supports traditional political and religious authorities on the basis that human nature was not perfectible — a claim about human nature, the same kind the Enlightenment made, reaching the opposite conclusion.
**这种保守主义意识形态是新的,而且它是一套论证,不是一份继承。**它支持传统的政治与宗教权威,其基础是人性并非可臻完善——一项关于人性的主张,与启蒙运动所作的是同一类主张,却得出了相反的结论。
The objective asks how the order was maintained and ____. · 目标询问秩序是如何被维护以及____的。
6.6 and 6.7 supply the challenges. · 6.6和6.7提供了这些挑战。
Maintained and challenged
- The objective is how the European political order was maintained and challenged from 1815 to 1914 — both verbs.
- This subtopic supplies the maintenance; 6.6 and 6.7 supply the challenges.
- So an answer to the full objective needs material from more than this one lesson, and knowing that is part of using the CED well.
既被维持又被挑战
- 这一目标是1815 至 1914 年间欧洲政治秩序如何被维持与被挑战——两个动词都有。
- 本小节提供维持的一面;6.6 与 6.7 提供挑战的一面。
- 因此回答完整目标需要不止这一课的材料,而知道这一点,正是善用 CED 的一部分。
One premise justifies both the domestic doctrine and the international policing because... · 一个前提既为国内教义也为国际 policing 提供理由，因为……
One premise, two policies — which makes 6.5 a single subtopic. · 一个前提，两项政策——这使得6.5成为一个单一子话题。
Writing about an order that holds
- An order is maintained when it has an argument, an institution, and a method of enforcement.
- Here: the perfectibility claim, the Congress System, and collective action between the powers.
- Name all three and the maintenance side of the objective is answered.
书写一个守得住的秩序
- 一个秩序之所以被维持,是因为它拥有一套论证、一个机构与一种执行方法。
- 在这里:关于可完善性的主张、会议体系,以及强权之间的集体行动。
- 把这三项都点出来,这一目标中维持的一面就回答完了。
A doctrine that says people cannot be perfected does not merely dislike a plan to perfect them; it predicts the plan will end badly, and treats every attempt as evidence. That is why the same premise justifies both a domestic policy and an international one.
一种说人不能被完善的学说,并不只是不喜欢某个完善他们的计划;它预言这个计划会以糟糕收场,并把每一次尝试都视为证据。这正是同一个前提既为国内政策也为国际政策提供理由的原因。
Conservatives developed a new ideology in support of traditional political and religious authorities, based on the idea that human nature was not perfectible, and the Concert of Europe (or Congress System) sought to maintain the status quo through collective action and adherence to conservatism. One premise, two policies — and the objective's other verb, challenged, is answered by 6.6 and 6.7.
保守派发展出一种新的意识形态以支持传统的政治与宗教权威,其基础是人性并非可臻完善,而欧洲协调(会议体系)寻求通过集体行动与对保守主义的恪守来维持现状。一个前提,两项政策——而这一目标的另一个动词被挑战,由 6.6 与 6.7 来回答。