Causes and Consequences of the Period · 该时期的起因与后果
The four threads, closed
- The CED closes the unit with the same four statements it opened with: rediscovered classical works and observation, overseas exploration and settlement, commercial and agricultural capitalism notwithstanding medieval structures, and the struggle for sovereignty.
- So the review objective asks you to run each thread from cause to consequence.
- That is a different task from 1.1, which asked only for the conditions at the start.
四条线索,收束
- CED 用与开篇相同的四条陈述来收束本单元:被重新发现的古典著作与观察、海外探索与定居、尽管中世纪结构仍在却已成长的商业与农业资本主义,以及围绕主权的斗争。
- 因此复习目标要求你把每条线索从成因走到后果。
- 这与 1.1 是不同的任务,后者只要求给出起点处的条件。
Select all · 所有 four threads the CED uses to close the unit. · 选择CED用于关闭单元的所有四条线索。
The same four it opened with, now run from cause to consequence. · 即它最初提出的那四条，现在按从起因到后果的顺序排列。
The threads caused each other
- Printing spread the classical revival; the revival supplied methods that challenged institutions; challenged institutions gave monarchs an opening.
- Overseas trade shifted economic power to the Atlantic; that wealth funded the centralising state.
- So a strong answer names a cross-thread link, not four separate stories.
这些线索互为成因
- 印刷术传播了古典复兴;这场复兴提供了挑战制度的方法;而被挑战的制度又给了君主可乘之机。
- 海外贸易把经济权力转移到大西洋;而这笔财富资助了走向集权的国家。
- 因此有力的答案会点出一处跨线索的联系,而不是四个各自独立的故事。
In a unit-review answer, the analysis lives in... · 在单元复习答案中，分析存在于……
Four separate stories is not an analysis. · 四个独立的故事不是分析。
Consequences reach past 1648
- The Reformation of unit 2 depends on 1.3's Christian humanism and 1.4's printing.
- The absolutism of unit 3 depends on 1.5's four monopolies and 1.10's wealth.
- So naming a later unit's development as a consequence is a legitimate and strong move.
后果延伸到 1648 年之后
- 第二单元的宗教改革,依赖于 1.3 的基督教人文主义与 1.4 的印刷术。
- 第三单元的专制主义,依赖于 1.5 的四项垄断与 1.10 的财富。
- 因此把后面某个单元的发展点为一项后果,是一步正当而有力的棋。
Cause, consequence, or a cross-thread link? · 是起因、后果还是跨线联系？
Sort each statement in a unit-review answer. · 对单元复习答案中的每个陈述进行排序。
Select all · 所有 the costs the CED states as consequences. · 选择CED陈述为后果的所有代价。
Printing is a cause within the period, not a cost. · 印刷术是该时期内的起因，而非代价。
The unit's consequences include its costs. 1.8 names destruction of some indigenous civilisations, a shift toward European dominance, and the expansion of the trade in enslaved persons. A review answer listing only cultural and political achievements has chosen which consequences to report.
**本单元的后果也包括它的代价。**1.8 点出了一些原住民文明的毁灭、向欧洲支配地位的转移,以及奴隶贸易的扩大。只罗列文化与政治成就的复习答案,是在挑选要报告哪些后果。
Naming a development from a ____ unit as a consequence is a legitimate move. · 将来自____单元的发展命名为后果是合理的举措。
The Reformation depends on 1.3 and 1.4; absolutism on 1.5 and 1.10. · 宗教改革依赖于1.3和1.4；绝对主义依赖于1.5和1.10。
And they include the costs
- 1.8's three results — destruction of some indigenous civilisations, a shift toward European dominance, the expansion of the trade in enslaved persons — are consequences of this unit.
- So an answer that lists only cultural and political achievements has selected its consequences.
- The CED states the costs in the same review, and a complete answer states them too.
其中也包括代价
- 1.8 的三项结果——一些原住民文明的毁灭、向欧洲支配地位的转移、奴隶贸易的扩大——都是本单元的后果。
- 因此只罗列文化与政治成就的答案,是在挑选自己的后果。
- CED 在同一份复习中陈述了这些代价,而完整的答案也要陈述它们。
Put the unit-review routine in order. · 将单元复习流程按顺序排列。
The cross-thread sentence is what makes it a review rather than a summary. · 跨线句子使其成为复习而非总结。
A unit-review routine
- Pick two of the four threads. State one cause and one consequence for each.
- Then name a link between them — the cross-thread sentence is where the analysis lives.
- Close by naming one consequence that reaches into a later unit, and one that is a cost.
单元复习流程
- 从四条线索中挑两条。为每一条各陈述一个成因与一个后果。
- 然后点出两者之间的一处联系——跨线索的那一句,正是分析所在。
- 以点出一项延伸到后面单元的后果、以及一项代价作结。
Cross-thread sentence: printing carried a method of textual criticism to northern scholars, whose religious application in unit 2 gave monarchs an argument for taking control of the Church — which was one of the four monopolies the centralised state was built on. Three threads, one sentence.
跨线索的一句话:印刷术把一种文本批判的方法带给了北方学者,而他们在第二单元中的宗教应用,给了君主一个接管教会的论据——而这正是集权国家赖以建立的四项垄断之一。三条线索,一句话。
The unit closes on its four opening statements: classical rediscovery and observation, overseas exploration and settlement, capitalism notwithstanding medieval structures, and the struggle for sovereignty. Run each from cause to consequence, name a cross-thread link, reach into later units, and include the costs the CED states in 1.8.
本单元以其开篇的四条陈述收束:古典的重新发现与观察、海外探索与定居、尽管中世纪结构仍在却已成长的资本主义,以及围绕主权的斗争。要把每一条从成因走到后果,点出一处跨线索的联系,延伸到后面的单元,并纳入 CED 在 1.8 中陈述的那些代价。