The Expansion of the Slave Trade · 奴隶贸易的扩大
What the CED states
- Europeans expanded the trade of enslaved Africans in response to the establishment of a plantation economy in the Americas and demographic catastrophes among indigenous peoples.
- The CED names two causes and puts them in that order: a plantation economy requiring labour, and demographic catastrophes removing the labour previously coerced.
- The verb is expanded — the CED is describing an increase in scale, and the objective asks for its causes and development.
CED 所陈述的内容
- 欧洲人扩大了对被奴役非洲人的贸易,以回应美洲种植园经济的建立,以及原住民中间发生的人口灾难。
- CED 点出两个原因,并按这个顺序排列:需要劳动力的种植园经济,以及夺走此前被强制之劳动力的人口灾难。
- 动词是扩大了——CED 描述的是规模的增加,而这一目标要求说明它的成因与发展。
Select both · 两者 causes the CED names. · 选出 CED 点名的两个原因。
They appear in that order in the CED's sentence. · 在 CED 的句子里,它们就是按这个顺序出现的。
A plantation is a demand for labour
- A plantation grows one crop for export at scale, which requires far more labour than a smallholding does.
- The crop cannot be grown profitably in Europe, and the demand for it is in Europe — so the labour has to be found where the crop grows.
- So the plantation economy is not a background condition; the CED makes it the first cause.
种植园就是一种劳动力需求
- 种植园大规模种植单一作物以供出口,这需要的劳动力远多于小农户。
- 这种作物在欧洲无法有利可图地种植,而对它的需求却在欧洲——因此劳动力必须在作物生长之处寻找。
- 因此种植园经济不是一项背景条件;CED 把它列为第一个原因。
The CED's verb is expanded, which records that... · CED 用的动词是"扩大了",这记录下……
What changed was scale, destination and legal form. · 改变的是规模、目的地与法律形式。
Demographic catastrophe
- The CED's second cause is demographic catastrophes among indigenous peoples, which 1.8 explained through the Columbian Exchange.
- So the two subtopics are one chain: disease reduces one population, and the demand for labour is met by enslaving another.
- Stating that chain plainly is what the objective asks for.
人口灾难
- CED 的第二个原因是原住民中间发生的人口灾难,而 1.8 已通过哥伦布大交换解释了这一点。
- 因此这两个小节是一条链:疾病减少了一个人群,而对劳动力的需求靠奴役另一个人群来满足。
- 把这条链平白地陈述出来,正是这一目标所要求的。
Follow the plantation economy to the slave trade · 从种植园经济追到奴隶贸易
The expansion of the trade is a consequence of a demand created elsewhere. · 这一贸易的扩张,是别处所创造的需求带来的后果。
A ____ grows one crop for export at scale, requiring far more labour than a smallholding. · ____ 大规模种植单一作物以供出口,所需劳动力远多于小农户。
The CED makes it the first cause, not a background condition. · CED 把它列为第一个原因,而不是一项背景条件。
The CED's verb is expanded, which is precise. A trade in enslaved people existed before; what grew was its scale, its Atlantic destination and its legal form in the Americas. Naming what specifically expanded is more accurate than treating the whole institution as newly invented.
**CED 用的动词是"扩大了",这很精确。**一项奴隶贸易此前已经存在;增长的是它的规模、它以大西洋为目的地这一点,以及它在美洲的法律形式。点出具体扩大的是什么,比把整个制度当作新发明更为准确。
Put the CED's chain in order. · 把 CED 的这条链排序。
Each link is stated in the CED; the objective asks you to state them in order. · 每一环都写在 CED 里;这一目标要求你把它们按顺序说出来。
Expansion, not invention
- The CED's verb is expanded, which records that a trade in enslaved people existed before and grew.
- What changed was the scale, the destination and the legal form it took in the Americas.
- Naming what specifically expanded is more precise than treating the whole institution as new.
扩大,而不是发明
- CED 用的动词是扩大了,这记录下一项奴隶贸易此前已经存在,并且增长了。
- 改变的是它的规模、目的地,以及它在美洲所采取的法律形式。
- 点出具体扩大的是什么,比把整个制度当作新生事物更为精确。
This subtopic and 1.8 form one chain. · 本小节与 1.8 构成一条链。
Disease reduces one population, and the labour demand is met by enslaving another. · 疾病减少了一个人群,而劳动力需求靠奴役另一个人群来满足。
Causes and development
- The objective is the causes for and the development of the slave trade.
- Causes: plantation labour demand and demographic catastrophe, as the CED states.
- Development: growth in volume, the Atlantic route, and the plantation systems that unit 4 of World History described in parallel.
成因与发展
- 这一目标是奴隶贸易的成因与发展。
- 成因:如 CED 所述,种植园的劳动力需求与人口灾难。
- 发展:数量的增长、大西洋航路,以及《世界史》第四单元并行描述过的那些种植园制度。
A crop that Europe wants and cannot grow is planted where it will grow, at a scale no local labour force can supply, in a region whose population has just been reduced by disease. Each link is stated in the CED; the objective is asking you to state them in order.
一种欧洲想要却种不了的作物,被种在它能生长的地方,其规模是任何本地劳动力都无法供给的,而那个地区的人口刚刚因疾病而锐减。每一环都写在 CED 里;这一目标要求你把它们按顺序说出来。
Europeans expanded the trade of enslaved Africans in response to the establishment of a plantation economy in the Americas and demographic catastrophes among indigenous peoples. Two causes, in that order. The verb expanded records growth in scale, destination and legal form, and the chain runs directly from 1.8's Columbian Exchange.
欧洲人扩大了对被奴役非洲人的贸易,以回应美洲种植园经济的建立,以及原住民中间发生的人口灾难。两个原因,顺序如此。动词扩大了记录的是规模、目的地与法律形式上的增长,而这条链直接来自 1.8 的哥伦布大交换。