Energy from Biomass · 生物质能
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| biomass energy/ˌbaɪəʊˈmæs ˈenədʒi/ | 生物质能 | shēng wù zhì néng |
| ethanol/ˈeθənɒl/ | 乙醇 | yǐ chún |
| biogas/ˌbaɪəʊˈɡæs/ | 沼气 | zhǎo qì |
| renewable/rɪˈnjuːəbl/ | 可再生 | kě zài shēng |
| particulates/pəˈtɪkjʊleɪts/ | 颗粒物 | kē lì wù |
| deforestation/diːˌfɒrɪˈsteɪʃn/ | 森林砍伐 | sēn lín kǎn fá |
Energy from living things
- Biomass energy 生物质能 comes from burning plant and animal material.
- Wood, crop waste, and animal dung are all biomass.
- People have burned wood for heat and cooking for thousands of years.
- It is still a major energy source in much of the world.
来自生物的能量
- 生物质(biomass)是我们能燃烧来获取能量的有机材料。
- 木头、作物废料和动物粪便都是生物质。
- 人们烧木头取暖和做饭已有数千年。
- 它在世界很多地方仍是主要的能源。
How we use it
- The simplest way is to burn it directly for heat.
- Crops like corn and sugarcane become liquid ethanol 乙醇 fuel.
- Rotting waste can be captured as biogas 沼气 for cooking.
- So biomass gives us solid, liquid, and gas fuels.
我们如何使用它
- 最简单的方式是直接燃烧它取暖。
- 玉米和甘蔗等作物变成液体乙醇(ethanol)燃料。
- 腐烂的废物能被收集为做饭用的沼气(biogas)。
- 所以生物质给我们固体、液体和气体燃料。
Biomass energy comes from… · 生物质能来自……
Biomass is organic material — wood, crop waste, dung — burned or converted to fuel. · 生物质是有机材料——木头、作物废料、粪便——被燃烧或转化为燃料。
The benefits
- Plants regrow, so biomass is renewable 可再生.
- It can use waste — scraps, sawdust, dung — that would rot anyway.
- Growing crops absorbs CO2, so it can be near carbon-neutral.
- It gives poorer areas a cheap, local fuel.
好处
- 植物重新生长,所以生物质是可再生(renewable)的。
- 它能利用废物——碎屑、锯末、粪便——这些本来也会腐烂。
- 种作物吸收CO2,所以它能接近碳中和。
- 它给较穷的地区一种便宜的、本地的燃料。
Biomass is considered renewable because… · 生物质被认为是可再生的,因为……
Crops and trees regrow, so biomass can be replaced — that is what makes it renewable. · 作物和树重新生长,所以生物质能被替代——这正是它可再生的原因。
Corn and sugarcane can be turned into a liquid biofuel called ____. · 玉米和甘蔗能被转化成一种叫做____的液体生物燃料。
Ethanol is a biofuel made from crops, often blended into gasoline. · 乙醇是由作物制成的生物燃料,常掺入汽油。
The costs
- Burning biomass still releases smoke and particulates 颗粒物.
- Cutting forests for fuel causes deforestation 森林砍伐.
- Fuel crops can compete with food crops for land.
- So "renewable" does not mean "harmless".
代价
- 燃烧生物质仍然释放烟雾和颗粒物(particulates)。
- 为燃料砍伐森林造成森林砍伐(deforestation)。
- 燃料作物能与粮食作物争夺土地。
- 所以"可再生"不意味着"无害"。
Benefit or cost of biomass energy? · 生物质能的好处还是代价?
Sort each feature of burning biomass into a benefit or a cost. · 把燃烧生物质的每个特点归入好处或代价。
Burning biomass releases smoke and particulates that harm air quality. · 燃烧生物质释放损害空气质量的烟雾和颗粒物。
Like any burning, biomass gives off smoke and fine particles that hurt the lungs. · 像任何燃烧一样,生物质放出损害肺部的烟雾和细颗粒。
Select all · 所有 sources of biomass energy. · 选出所有生物质能的来源。
Firewood, crop waste, and dung are all biomass. Uranium is a nuclear fuel, not biomass. · 柴火、作物废料和粪便都是生物质。铀是核燃料,不是生物质。
Biomass is renewable but not automatically clean. Burned in the open, it pollutes the air like any fire. And it is only carbon-neutral if the plants are actually regrown — clear a forest for fuel and never replant, and you've released its stored carbon for good. The benefit depends on managing it well.
生物质是可再生的,但不会自动干净。露天燃烧,它像任何火一样污染空气。而且它只有在植物真正被重新种植时才碳中和——为燃料清除一片森林却从不重新种植,你就永久释放了它储存的碳。好处取决于把它管理好。
Two villages:
- One collects fallen wood and crop scraps, and replants trees — a renewable cycle with modest smoke.
- The other clears standing forest for firewood and never replants — the "renewable" fuel becomes deforestation and lost carbon storage.
- Same fuel; management makes the difference.
两个村庄:
- 一个收集落下的木头和作物碎屑,并重新种树——一个可再生的循环,烟雾适中。
- 另一个清除现有的森林作柴火,从不重新种植——"可再生"燃料变成森林砍伐和失去的碳储存。
- 同样的燃料;管理造成差别。
Biomass energy comes from burning organic material — wood, crop waste, dung — or converting crops into ethanol and biogas. Its benefits: it is renewable, uses waste, and can be near carbon-neutral. Its costs: burning releases smoke and particulates, and demand can drive deforestation and compete with food land.
生物质能来自燃烧有机材料——木头、作物废料、粪便——或把作物转化为乙醇和沼气。它的好处:它是可再生的,利用废物,能接近碳中和。它的代价:燃烧释放烟雾和颗粒物,而且需求能驱动森林砍伐并与粮食用地争夺。