Pest Control Methods · 病虫害防治方法
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| pests/pests/ | 害虫 | hài chóng |
| pesticide/ˈpestɪsaɪd/ | 农药 | nóng yào |
| resistance/rɪˈzɪstəns/ | 抗性 | kàng xìng |
| biological control/ˌbaɪəˈlɒdʒɪkl kənˈtrəʊl/ | 生物防治 | shēng wù fáng zhì |
Fighting the pests
- Insects, weeds, and fungi can destroy a farmer's crop.
- Controlling these pests is a constant battle.
- There are two broad approaches: chemical and natural.
- Each has real strengths and serious drawbacks.
对抗害虫
- 昆虫、杂草和真菌能摧毁农民的作物。
- 控制这些害虫是一场持续的战斗。
- 有两种大的途径:化学和自然。
- 每一种都有真正的优势和严重的缺点。
Chemical control: pesticides
- A pesticide 农药 is a chemical that kills pests 害虫.
- Insecticides kill insects; herbicides kill weeds; fungicides kill fungi.
- They are fast, cheap, and easy to spray over large fields.
- But they bring problems that grow over time.
化学防治:农药
- 农药(pesticide)是杀死害虫(pest)的化学品。
- 杀虫剂杀昆虫;除草剂杀杂草;杀菌剂杀真菌。
- 它们快速、便宜、容易在大片田上喷洒。
- 但它们带来随时间增长的问题。
A pesticide is a chemical used to… · 农药是用来……的化学品。
A pesticide kills pests — insects, weeds, or fungi that damage crops. · 农药杀死害虫——损害作物的昆虫、杂草或真菌。
The resistance problem
- A few pests always survive a spray by chance.
- These survivors breed and pass on their resistance 抗性.
- Over generations the whole pest population becomes resistant.
- The pesticide stops working, and stronger ones are needed — a losing race.
抗性问题
- 少数害虫总是偶然地在喷洒中存活。
- 这些幸存者繁殖,传下它们的抗性(resistance)。
- 经过许多代,整个害虫种群变得有抗性。
- 农药停止起作用,需要更强的——一场必输的赛跑。
Why do pesticides become less effective over time? · 为什么农药随时间变得不那么有效?
A few pests survive by chance, breed, and pass on resistance · 抵制 — so the pesticide stops working. · 少数害虫偶然存活、繁殖并传下抗性——所以农药停止起作用。
Using a pest's natural enemy, like a predator, to control it is called ____ control. · 用害虫的天敌,比如捕食者,来控制它,叫做____防治。
Biological control uses natural enemies (predators or parasites) instead of chemicals. · 生物防治用天敌(捕食者或寄生物)代替化学品。
Biological control
- Biological control 生物防治 uses a pest's natural enemies instead of chemicals.
- Releasing ladybirds to eat aphids is a classic example.
- It avoids chemical pollution and does not build resistance.
- But it must be done carefully — the wrong introduced species can itself become a pest.
生物防治
- 生物防治(biological control)用害虫的天敌代替化学品。
- 释放瓢虫来吃蚜虫是一个经典的例子。
- 它避免化学污染,也不产生抗性。
- 但它必须小心地进行——错误的引入物种自己可能变成害虫。
Chemical or natural control? · 化学还是自然防治?
Sort each pest control method into chemical (pesticides) or natural (biological) approaches. · 把每种病虫害防治方法归入化学(农药)或自然(生物)途径。
Broad pesticides can harm helpful insects like bees, not just the target pest. · 广谱农药能伤害像蜜蜂这样有益的昆虫,不只是目标害虫。
Many pesticides kill helpful species too, damaging pollinators and the pest's natural enemies. · 许多农药也杀死有益的物种,伤害传粉者和害虫的天敌。
Select all · 所有 true statements about pest control. · 选出关于病虫害防治的所有正确说法。
Pesticides often harm helpful species too, not only the target. The other three are correct. · 农药常常也伤害有益的物种,不只是目标。其余三条正确。
Broad chemical pesticides do not only kill the target pest. They also kill helpful insects — bees that pollinate crops and the natural predators that keep pests in check. Wiping out those predators can even let the pests bounce back stronger. Powerful pesticides can make the problem worse.
广谱化学农药不只杀死目标害虫。它们也杀死有益的昆虫——给作物授粉的蜜蜂和约束害虫的天敌。消灭那些天敌甚至能让害虫更强地反弹。强力的农药能让问题更糟。
The treadmill of resistance:
- A farmer sprays an insecticide, and it wipes out most of the pest.
- But a few naturally resistant insects survive and multiply.
- Soon the spray barely works, so the farmer uses more, or a stronger chemical — an escalating "pesticide treadmill" driven by resistance.
抗性的跑步机:
- 一个农民喷洒一种杀虫剂,它消灭了大多数害虫。
- 但少数天生有抗性的昆虫存活并繁殖。
- 很快喷洒几乎不起作用,所以农民用更多,或更强的化学品——一台由抗性驱动的、不断升级的"农药跑步机"。
Pests can be fought with chemical or natural methods. A pesticide kills pests but pollutes, harms helpful species, and drives resistance as survivors breed. Biological control uses natural enemies instead, avoiding pollution and resistance — though introduced species must be chosen with care.
害虫能用化学或自然方法对抗。农药杀死害虫,但污染、伤害有益的物种,并随着幸存者繁殖而驱动抗性。生物防治用天敌代替,避免污染和抗性——尽管引入的物种必须小心选择。