El Nino and La Nina · 厄尔尼诺与拉尼娜
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| El Niño/el ˈniːnjəʊ/ | 厄尔尼诺 | è ěr ní nuò |
| La Niña/læ ˈniːnjə/ | 拉尼娜 | lā ní nà |
| upwelling/ˈʌpwəlɪŋ/ | 上升流 | shàng shēng liú |
The Pacific's mood swings
- Every few years, the Pacific Ocean shifts its temperature and winds.
- These swings change the weather far beyond the ocean.
- They can bring floods to one continent and drought to another.
- The two phases are called El Niño and La Niña.
太平洋的情绪波动
- 每隔几年,太平洋就改变它的温度和风。
- 这些波动改变远超海洋的天气。
- 它们能给一个大陆带来洪水,给另一个带来干旱。
- 这两个阶段叫做厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜。
Normal conditions and upwelling
- Normally, strong trade winds push warm surface water west across the Pacific.
- This lets cold, deep water rise near South America — called upwelling 上升流.
- The cold, nutrient-rich upwelling feeds huge fisheries off Peru.
- This is the usual, balanced state of the Pacific.
正常情况与上升流
- 通常,强劲的信风把温暖的表层水向西推,横过太平洋。
- 这让冷的、深处的水在南美附近上升——叫做上升流(upwelling)。
- 冷的、富含养分的上升流喂养着秘鲁沿海巨大的渔业。
- 这是太平洋通常的、平衡的状态。
El Nino and La Nina are shifts in… · 厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜是……的变化。
El Nino and La Nina are natural shifts in Pacific Ocean temperatures and winds that alter weather worldwide. · 厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜是太平洋海洋温度和风的自然变化,改变世界各地的天气。
El Niño: warm water shifts east
- In an El Niño 厄尔尼诺, the trade winds weaken or reverse.
- Warm water then spreads back east across the Pacific.
- The upwelling is cut off, so the fisheries collapse and coasts warm.
- Rainfall patterns shift worldwide — floods in some places, drought in others.
厄尔尼诺:暖水向东移
- 在一次厄尔尼诺(El Nino)中,信风减弱或反转。
- 暖水随后向东扩散,横过太平洋回来。
- 上升流被切断,所以渔业崩溃,海岸变暖。
- 降雨模式在世界各地改变——一些地方洪水,另一些干旱。
During El Nino, the trade winds weaken and warm water… · 在厄尔尼诺期间,信风减弱,暖水……
In El Nino, weak trade winds let warm water spread east, changing rainfall around the globe. · 在厄尔尼诺中,减弱的信风让暖水向东扩散,改变全球的降雨。
Cold, nutrient-rich water rising to the surface off Peru is called . · 在秘鲁沿海上升到表面的冷的、富含养分的水叫做。
Upwelling brings cold, nutrient-rich water up, feeding rich fisheries — it weakens during El Nino. · 上升流把冷的、富含养分的水带上来,喂养丰富的渔业——它在厄尔尼诺期间减弱。
La Niña: the opposite
- In a La Niña 拉尼娜, the trade winds grow stronger than normal.
- Even more warm water is pushed west, and cold upwelling intensifies.
- It is like an extra-strong version of normal conditions.
- La Niña, too, shifts weather around the globe, often opposite to El Niño.
拉尼娜:相反
- 在一次拉尼娜(La Nina)中,信风变得比正常更强。
- 更多的暖水被向西推,冷的上升流加剧。
- 它像正常情况的一个特别强的版本。
- 拉尼娜也在全球改变天气,常常与厄尔尼诺相反。
El Nino or La Nina? · 厄尔尼诺还是拉尼娜?
Sort each condition by whether it happens during El Nino or La Nina in the Pacific. · 按照每个情况发生在太平洋的厄尔尼诺还是拉尼娜期间,给它们分类。
El Nino and La Nina can change weather far beyond the Pacific, around the world. · 厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜能改变远超太平洋的天气,遍及世界。
These Pacific shifts ripple into droughts, floods, and storms across many continents. · 这些太平洋的变化波及许多大陆,引起干旱、洪水和风暴。
Select all · 所有 true statements about El Nino and La Nina. · 选出关于厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜的所有正确说法。
Their effects are global, not local to one bay. The other three are correct. · 它们的影响是全球的,不局限于一个海湾。其余三条正确。
El Niño and La Niña are natural cycles, not the same as human-caused climate change. They come and go every few years. But they are important because their effects reach worldwide — a Pacific shift can cause a drought or a flood on the other side of the planet.
厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜是自然的循环,与人为造成的气候变化不同。它们每隔几年来来去去。但它们重要,因为它们的影响遍及世界——一次太平洋的变化能在地球另一侧造成一场干旱或一场洪水。
El Niño and the Peruvian fishery:
- Normally, cold upwelling off Peru feeds one of the world's richest fisheries.
- During an El Niño, warm water spreads in and shuts off the upwelling.
- Without the nutrients, the fish vanish and the fishery collapses — a Pacific shift felt directly by fishing communities.
厄尔尼诺与秘鲁渔业:
- 通常,秘鲁沿海冷的上升流喂养着世界上最丰富的渔业之一。
- 在一次厄尔尼诺期间,暖水扩散进来,关闭了上升流。
- 没有养分,鱼就消失了,渔业崩溃——一次被渔业社区直接感受到的太平洋变化。
El Niño and La Niña are natural shifts in Pacific Ocean temperatures and winds. In El Niño, weak trade winds let warm water spread east, cutting off cold upwelling and collapsing fisheries. La Niña strengthens the normal pattern. Both change weather worldwide, causing droughts and floods far from the Pacific.
厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜是太平洋海洋温度和风的自然变化。在厄尔尼诺中,减弱的信风让暖水向东扩散,切断冷的上升流,使渔业崩溃。拉尼娜加强正常的模式。两者都在世界各地改变天气,在远离太平洋的地方造成干旱和洪水。