Island Biogeography · 岛屿生物地理学
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| immigration/ˌɪmɪˈɡreɪʃn/ | 移入 | yí rù |
| extinction/ekˈstɪŋkʃn/ | 灭绝 | miè jué |
| species-area/ˈspiːsiːz ˈeərɪə/ | 物种-面积 | wù zhǒng - miàn jī |
Why islands are special
- An island is a patch of land cut off by water.
- New species can only reach it by crossing the sea.
- This makes islands natural laboratories for studying biodiversity.
- The number of species they hold follows clear rules.
岛屿为什么特别
- 一个岛屿是被水隔开的一块陆地。
- 新物种只能通过跨越海洋到达它。
- 这让岛屿成为研究生物多样性的天然实验室。
- 它们容纳的物种数量遵循清晰的规则。
A balance of arrivals and losses
- Species reach an island by immigration 移入 — arriving from elsewhere.
- Species are lost by extinction 灭绝 — dying out on the island.
- The number of species settles where these two balance.
- More arrivals or fewer losses means more species overall.
到达与损失的平衡
- 物种通过移入(immigration)到达一个岛屿——从别处来。
- 物种通过灭绝(extinction)损失——在岛上死光。
- 物种的数量稳定在这两者平衡的地方。
- 更多的到达或更少的损失,意味着总体上更多的物种。
Island biogeography says the number of species on an island is a balance between… · 岛屿生物地理学说,一个岛屿上物种的数量是……之间的平衡。
Species number balances immigration (arrivals) against extinction (losses) on the island. · 物种数量在岛屿上的迁入(到达)与灭绝(损失)之间平衡。
Bigger islands, more species
- A larger island offers more habitat and more resources.
- More habitat means lower extinction rates.
- So larger islands hold more species — the species-area 物种-面积 relationship.
- Double the area and you gain a predictable jump in species.
更大的岛屿,更多的物种
- 更大的岛屿提供更多栖息地和更多资源。
- 更多栖息地意味着更低的灭绝率。
- 所以更大的岛屿容纳更多物种——物种-面积(species-area)关系。
- 面积翻倍,物种就有可预测的跃升。
Bigger islands hold more species · 更大的岛屿容纳更多物种
Plot island size against species number - larger islands support more species (the species-area relationship). · 把岛屿大小对物种数量作图——更大的岛屿支持更多物种(物种-面积关系)。
Compared with a small island, a large island usually has… · 与小岛相比,大岛通常有……
Larger islands have more habitat and lower extinction, so they hold more species. · 更大的岛屿有更多栖息地、更低的灭绝率,所以它们容纳更多物种。
An island closer to the mainland usually receives more new species. · 离大陆更近的岛屿通常收到更多新物种。
Closer islands are easier to reach, so more species immigrate to them. · 更近的岛屿更容易到达,所以更多物种迁入它们。
Closer islands, more arrivals
- An island near the mainland is easier for species to reach.
- So closer islands receive more immigration.
- Distant islands get fewer arrivals and hold fewer species.
- Size and distance together predict an island's biodiversity.
更近的岛屿,更多的到达者
- 靠近大陆的岛屿更容易被物种到达。
- 所以更近的岛屿收到更多移入。
- 遥远的岛屿收到更少的到达者,容纳更少的物种。
- 大小和距离一起预测一个岛屿的生物多样性。
The link between island size and species number is called the species-____ relationship. · 岛屿大小与物种数量之间的联系叫做物种-____关系。
The species-area relationship: larger areas hold more species. · 物种-面积关系:更大的面积容纳更多物种。
Select all · 所有 true statements about island biogeography. · 选出关于岛屿生物地理学的所有正确说法。
Island size strongly affects species number. The other three are correct. · 岛屿大小强烈影响物种数量。其余三条正确。
These rules do not apply only to real islands. A patch of forest surrounded by farmland is an "island" too. Making habitat patches smaller and more isolated — as humans often do — reduces the number of species they can hold, exactly as island biogeography predicts.
这些规则不只适用于真正的岛屿。一片被农田包围的森林也是一个"岛屿"。把栖息地斑块弄得更小、更孤立——就像人类常做的那样——会减少它们能容纳的物种数量,正如岛屿生物地理学所预测的。
Designing a nature reserve:
- Island biogeography guides how to protect species.
- A single large reserve usually holds more species than several tiny scattered ones.
- Connecting patches with corridors raises immigration and lowers extinction — keeping more species alive.
设计一个自然保护区:
- 岛屿生物地理学指导如何保护物种。
- 一个单一的大保护区通常比几个分散的小保护区容纳更多物种。
- 用走廊连接斑块能提高移入、降低灭绝——让更多物种存活。
Island biogeography explains the number of species on an island as a balance between immigration (arrivals) and extinction (losses). Larger islands hold more species (the species-area relationship), and closer islands receive more arrivals. The same rules apply to isolated habitat patches on land.
岛屿生物地理学把一个岛屿上物种的数量解释为移入(到达)与灭绝(损失)之间的平衡。更大的岛屿容纳更多物种(物种-面积关系),而更近的岛屿收到更多到达者。同样的规则适用于陆地上孤立的栖息地斑块。