What an Interruption Does · 一次打断做了什么
Three named effects
- Those structures can directly affect readers' experiences with a text by creating anticipation or suspense or building tension.
- Anticipation is knowing something is coming; suspense is not knowing how it ends.
- Building tension is a process rather than a state — it accumulates.
The writer knows what is behind the door; suspense lets the reader stand there with a hand on the knob.
三种被点名的效果
- 这些结构可以直接影响读者与文本的体验,方式是制造期待或悬念,或积累张力。
- 期待是知道有什么要来;悬念是不知道结局如何。
- 积累张力是一个过程而不是一种状态——它是累积起来的。
作者知道门后是什么；悬念却让读者一直握着门把手等。
Select all · 所有 the effects the CED names for these structures. · 选出 CED 为这些结构点名的所有效果。
All three are effects on the reader's experience of the text. · 这三项都是对读者阅读体验的效果。
The effect is on the reader, not the characters
- The CED says readers' experiences with a text — the sentence is about you, not about anyone in the book.
- So the analysis names what the reader knows, expects or fears at a given page.
- A character's tension is plot; a reader's tension is structure.
效果作用于读者,不是人物
- CED 说的是读者与文本的体验——这句话讲的是你,而不是书中的任何人。
- 因此分析要说出读者在某一页上知道什么、期待什么、担心什么。
- 人物的紧张是情节;读者的紧张是结构。
The effect these structures produce is on... · 这些结构产生的效果作用于……
A character's tension is plot; a reader's tension is structure. · 人物的紧张是情节;读者的紧张是结构。
Matching structure to effect
- Foreshadowing usually creates anticipation, because the reader now knows something is coming.
- In medias res usually creates suspense, because the reader does not yet know how anything connects.
- Neither pairing is automatic — say which effect this interruption produces, and why.
把结构与效果对应起来
- 伏笔通常制造期待,因为读者此刻知道有什么要来。
- 从中间开始通常制造悬念,因为读者还不知道各处如何相连。
- 这两种对应都不是自动的——要说出这一处打断产生了哪种效果,以及为什么。
Ask what an interruption does · 问一个中断做了什么
Interrupting chronology changes what the reader knows and when — and that is the whole answer. · 打断时间顺序改变了读者知道什么、何时知道——这就是全部答案。
Anticipation is knowing something is coming; suspense is not knowing how it ____. · 期待是知道有什么要来;悬念是不知道它如何 ____。
Most passages produce one of the two, not both. · 多数段落只产生两者之一,不是两者。
Anticipation and suspense are not the same effect. Anticipation is the reader knowing something is coming; suspense is the reader not knowing how it ends. A foreshadow that tells you a room will be opened creates anticipation; withholding what is inside creates suspense — and most passages do one, not both.
期待与悬念不是同一种效果。期待是读者知道有什么要来;悬念是读者不知道结局如何。一处告诉你某个房间将被打开的伏笔制造的是期待;扣住里面有什么则制造悬念——而多数段落只做其中一件,不是两件。
One piece of evidence is enough to show tension building. · 一处证据就足以显示张力的积累。
Building is cumulative — the second instance confirms the first was deliberate. · 积累是累加的——第二个实例确认了第一个是有意为之。
Tension builds across a book
- Because building tension is cumulative, it is the effect that needs more than one piece of evidence.
- Two foreshadows are more than twice one, because the second confirms that the first was deliberate.
- So an argument about tension should quote from at least two places.
张力在整本书中积累
- 由于张力的积累是累加的,它是唯一需要不止一处证据的效果。
- 两处伏笔的作用大于一处的两倍,因为第二处确认了第一处是有意为之。
- 因此关于张力的论证,至少应当从两处引用。
Put the interruption-function pass in order. · 把打断功能检查排序。
Only tension needs the last two steps — the other effects are local. · 只有张力需要最后两步——其他效果是局部的。
An interruption-function pass
- For each interruption you found, say what the reader knows immediately after it.
- Name the effect: anticipation, suspense, or tension building.
- For tension, find the second instance — one alone cannot show accumulation.
打断功能检查
- 对你找到的每一处打断,说出读者在其紧随之后知道了什么。
- 说出效果:期待、悬念,还是张力的积累。
- 对于张力,要找出第二个实例——单独一处无法显示累积。
Chapter two names a locked room. Anticipation: the reader now expects it to be opened. Chapter nineteen mentions it again, unopened. Suspense: the reader now does not know whether it will be. Two mentions, and the second is what turns anticipation into building tension.
第二章点出一间上锁的房间。期待:读者此刻预期它会被打开。第十九章再次提到它,依然锁着。悬念:读者此刻不知道它究竟会不会被打开。两次提及,而正是第二次把期待变成了张力的积累。
Chronology-breaking structures affect readers' experiences by creating anticipation or suspense or building tension — effects on the reader, not the characters. Anticipation = knowing something is coming; suspense = not knowing how it ends; tension builds, so it needs evidence from at least two places.
打破时间顺序的结构通过制造期待或悬念、或积累张力来影响读者的体验——效果作用于读者,不是人物。期待=知道有什么要来;悬念=不知道结局如何;张力是积累的,因此至少需要来自两处的证据。