Contrast as Complication · 作为复杂性的对比
Contrast makes a text harder, on purpose
- Contrasts often represent contradictions or inconsistencies that introduce nuance, ambiguity or contradiction into a text.
- As a result, contrasts make texts more complex.
- So the CED treats added difficulty as the point of a contrast, not as a side effect.
A contradiction may be the feature, not a typo waiting for an editor to rescue it.
对照有意让文本变难
- 对照常常体现矛盾或不一致,从而把细微差别、歧义或矛盾引入文本。
- 其结果是,对照使文本更加复杂。
- 因此 CED 把增加的难度视为对照的要点,而不是副作用。
矛盾可能正是特色，不一定是等编辑来救场的笔误。
Select all · 所有 the things a contrast can introduce, per the CED. · 根据CED，选择对比可以引入的所有内容。
Resolution is the opposite of what a contrast does. · 结局是对比所起作用的反面。
Three different products
- Nuance: the reading is finer than it was, but still one reading.
- Ambiguity: two readings are available and the text does not choose.
- Contradiction: two readings are available and they cannot both hold.
三种不同的产物
- 细微差别:解读比原先更精细,但依然是一种解读。
- 歧义:两种解读同时成立,而文本不作选择。
- 矛盾:两种解读同时成立,而它们无法并存。
Contrasts make texts more complex, and that is the point. · 对比使文本更复杂，而这正是目的所在。
The CED treats added difficulty as the purpose, not a side effect. · CED将增加的难度视为目的，而非副作用。
Say which one this contrast produced
- The three are ranked by how much they unsettle the text, and naming the right one is the analysis.
- This contrast adds complexity is true of every contrast and therefore says nothing.
- This contrast leaves two readings the novel never reconciles names an ambiguity and can be evidenced.
说出这处对照产生了哪一种
- 这三者按对文本的动摇程度排列,而说出正确的那一个才是分析。
- 这处对照增加了复杂性对每一处对照都成立,因此什么也没说。
- 这处对照留下了两种小说从未调和的解读点明了一处歧义,并且可以提供证据。
Nuance, ambiguity, or contradiction? · 细微差别、模糊性还是矛盾？
Sort each result by how far it unsettles the text. · 根据每种结果对文本造成不安的程度进行排序。
When a text sustains a contradiction, the best essay... · 当文本维持一种矛盾时，最好的文章...
Tidying a genuine ambiguity removes the thing worth writing about. · 整理真实的模糊性会移除值得书写的东西。
Do not resolve a contradiction the text sustains. The CED says contrasts make texts more complex, and an essay that tidies a genuine ambiguity into one reading has removed the thing worth writing about. Show the text declining to choose.
不要去化解文本所维持的矛盾。CED 说对照使文本更加复杂,而一篇把真正的歧义收拾成单一解读的文章,恰恰移走了值得一写的那样东西。要展示文本拒绝作出选择。
"This contrast adds complexity" is true of every contrast, so name ____ of the three it produced. · "这个对比增加了复杂性"适用于所有对比，所以请命名它产生的三个结果中的____。
Nuance, ambiguity, and contradiction unsettle the text by different amounts. · 细微差别、模糊性和矛盾以不同程度的方式扰乱了文本。
Complexity is rewarded, not penalised
- Students often try to resolve every contradiction they find, as if a tidy reading scored better.
- The CED says contrasts make texts more complex — that is a description of good writing, not a flaw to fix.
- An essay that shows a contradiction the text sustains is doing exactly what the rubric rewards.
复杂性是被奖励的,不是被扣分的
- 学生常常试图化解他们发现的每一处矛盾,好像整齐的解读能得更高分。
- CED 说对照使文本更加复杂——这是对好作品的描述,不是需要修补的缺陷。
- 一篇展示了文本所维持之矛盾的文章,做的正是评分标准所奖励的事。
Match each result to what the reader is left with. · 将每个结果与读者留下的内容匹配。
Naming the right one is the analysis; saying "complexity" is not. · 命名正确的解读才是分析；说“复杂性”不算。
A complication pass
- Name the contrast, and the contradiction or inconsistency it represents.
- Decide whether the result is nuance, ambiguity or contradiction.
- Then quote the place where the text declines to resolve it — that refusal is your best evidence.
复杂化检查
- 说出这处对照,以及它所体现的矛盾或不一致。
- 判断其结果是细微差别、歧义,还是矛盾。
- 然后引出文本拒绝化解它的那一处——那份拒绝就是你最好的证据。
The brother is generous with strangers and hard with his family. A tidy essay chooses one as the real man. A better essay shows that the novel puts both in the same chapter, gives neither the last word, and thereby leaves the reader unable to settle what generosity is worth.
这位哥哥对陌生人慷慨,对家人苛刻。整齐的文章会挑一个当作真实的他。更好的文章会说明:这部小说把两者放进同一章,谁也不给最后的定论,从而让读者无法确定慷慨究竟值多少。
Contrasts represent contradictions or inconsistencies that introduce nuance, ambiguity or contradiction — and thereby make texts more complex. Name which of the three this contrast produced, and quote the place where the text declines to resolve it. Complexity is rewarded, not a flaw to tidy.
对照体现矛盾或不一致,由此引入细微差别、歧义或矛盾——并因而使文本更加复杂。要说出这处对照产生了三者中的哪一种,并引出文本拒绝化解它的那一处。复杂性是被奖励的,不是需要收拾的缺陷。