Structures That Interrupt Chronology · 打断时间结构的技巧
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| Flashback/ˈflæʃbæk/ | 倒叙 | dào xù |
| foreshadowing/fɔːˈʃædəʊɪŋ/ | 伏笔 | fú bǐ |
| In medias res/ɪn ˈmiːdiːəz rez/ | 从中间开始 | cóng zhōng jiān kāi shǐ |
| stream of consciousness/striːm ɒv ˈkɒnʃəsnəs/ | 意识流 | yì shí liú |
Four named structures
- Some narrative structures interrupt the chronology of a plot; such structures include flashback, foreshadowing, in medias res and stream of consciousness.
- Flashback 倒叙 goes back; foreshadowing 伏笔 reaches forward.
- In medias res 从中间开始 starts in the middle; stream of consciousness 意识流 follows a mind rather than a clock.
A flashback sends the story backward without asking the calendar for permission.
四种被点名的结构
- 有些叙事结构会打断情节的时间顺序;这类结构包括倒叙、伏笔、从中间开始与意识流。
- 倒叙(flashback)向后回溯;伏笔(foreshadowing)向前伸展。
- 从中间开始(in medias res)从中途起笔;意识流(stream of consciousness)追随的是一颗心而不是一只钟。
倒叙让故事往回走，连日历的许可也不问一声。
Select all · 所有 the structures the CED names as interrupting chronology. · 选择CED命名的所有打断时间线的结构。
Stream of consciousness completes the four; dialogue does not interrupt chronology. · 意识流完成了四种；对话并不打断时间线。
Flashback and foreshadowing are opposites in direction
- A flashback delivers information the reader did not have; a foreshadow withholds information the reader now expects.
- One fills a gap, the other opens one.
- So they do opposite things to the reader even though both break chronology.
倒叙与伏笔在方向上相反
- 倒叙交付读者原本没有的信息;伏笔则扣住读者此刻已在期待的信息。
- 一个填补空白,另一个开出空白。
- 因此尽管两者都打破时间顺序,它们对读者所做的事却相反。
Which structure is this? · 这是什么结构？
Sort each device by how it interrupts chronology. · 根据每种技巧如何打断时间线对它们进行排序。
Flashback and foreshadowing differ in that flashback... · 闪回和伏笔的区别在于闪回...
One fills a gap; the other opens one. · 一个填补空白；另一个制造悬念。
In medias res puts you behind
- Beginning in the middle means the reader arrives without the context every character already has.
- That deficit is a structure, not an accident: the reader spends the early chapters catching up.
- Whatever is withheld longest is usually what the novel is actually about.
从中间开始让你处于落后
- 从中途起笔,意味着读者到达时并不具备每个人物都已拥有的背景。
- 这一亏空是一种结构,不是偶然:读者要用开头几章去追赶。
- 被扣留最久的东西,通常正是这部小说真正关乎的东西。
Beginning in medias res means the reader arrives without the ____ every character already has. · 以 in medias res 开头意味着读者在没有每个角色都已拥有的____的情况下入场。
Whatever is withheld longest is usually what the novel is about. · 通常被隐瞒最久的情节就是小说的主题。
Flashback and foreshadowing break chronology in opposite directions. A flashback gives the reader information they lacked; foreshadowing withholds information the reader now expects. Treating both as "the author moves in time" loses the only thing that distinguishes their effects.
倒叙与伏笔以相反的方向打破时间顺序。倒叙给予读者原本缺少的信息;伏笔则扣住读者此刻已在期待的信息。把两者都当作"作者在时间中移动",就丢掉了区分其效果的唯一依据。
Stream of consciousness reorders events into a new sequence. · 意识流将事件重新排列成新的序列。
It abandons event-order altogether for the order of a mind. · 它完全抛弃了事件顺序，转而采用心智的顺序。
Stream of consciousness replaces the clock
- Stream of consciousness does not reorder events — it abandons event-order altogether for the order of a mind.
- A memory, a smell and a plan can sit in one sentence because that is how thinking works.
- So it interrupts chronology by substituting a different principle, not by jumping.
意识流取代了钟表
- 意识流并不是给事件重新排序——它是彻底放弃事件顺序,改用一颗心的顺序。
- 一段记忆、一种气味和一个计划可以并存于同一个句子里,因为思考本来就是这样运作的。
- 因此它打断时间顺序的方式,是替换了一条不同的原则,而不是跳跃。
Put the chronology pass in order. · 将时间线段落按顺序排列。
This subtopic asks only that you find them; the next asks what they do. · 本小节只要求你找出它们；下一小节要求说明它们的作用。
A chronology pass
- Sketch the events in the order they happened. Then in the order the text gives them.
- Mark every place the two differ, and name which of the four structures is at work.
- The next subtopic asks what each interruption does — this one asks only that you find them.
时间顺序检查
- 按事件实际发生的顺序勾一张图。再按文本给出的顺序勾一张。
- 标出两者不同的每一处,并说出起作用的是四种结构中的哪一种。
- 下一小节问的是每次打断做了什么——本小节只要求你找到它们。
A novel opens with a funeral (in medias res), then reaches back three years (flashback), and in chapter two mentions a locked room that will not be opened until the last page (foreshadowing). Three structures, three different deficits in what the reader knows.
一部小说以一场葬礼开篇(从中间开始),继而回溯三年(倒叙),又在第二章提到一间上锁的房间,直到最后一页才会被打开(伏笔)。三种结构,读者所知信息上的三种不同亏空。
Flashback, foreshadowing, in medias res and stream of consciousness interrupt chronology. Flashback gives withheld information; foreshadowing withholds expected information; in medias res starts the reader behind; stream of consciousness replaces clock-order with mind-order.
倒叙、伏笔、从中间开始与意识流会打断时间顺序。倒叙给出被扣留的信息;伏笔扣住被期待的信息;从中间开始让读者一上来就落后;意识流用心的顺序取代钟表的顺序。