Conflict as Competing Values · 作为对立价值观的冲突
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| Conflict/ˈkɒnflɪkt/ | 冲突 | chōng tū |
The definition is about values, not fighting
- Conflict 冲突 is tension between competing values — either within a character (internal or psychological conflict) or with outside forces that obstruct a character (external conflict).
- Competing values is the load-bearing phrase.
- Two people who dislike each other are not in conflict until something they each value is at stake.
An internal conflict needs no sword; deciding whether to tell the truth can keep a whole novel awake.
这个定义关乎价值,而不是打斗
- 冲突(conflict)是相互竞争的价值之间的张力——要么在一个人物内部(内在或心理冲突),要么与阻碍人物的外部力量之间(外部冲突)。
- 相互竞争的价值是承重的短语。
- 两个彼此不喜欢的人,在各自看重的东西尚未处于危险之中时,并不构成冲突。
内心冲突不需要宝剑；“要不要说实话”就足以让整部小说睡不着。
Conflict is defined as tension between... · 冲突被定义为……之间的紧张关系
Two people who dislike each other are not in conflict until values are at stake. · 互相厌恶的两人只有在价值观受到威胁时才算处于冲突中。
Texts carry more than one
- A text may contain multiple conflicts, and often two or more intersect.
- Intersect means they share a character, a choice, or a stake.
- Finding the intersection is usually more valuable than listing the conflicts.
文本承载不止一个冲突
- 一个文本可能包含多个冲突,而且常常有两个或更多相互交叉。
- 交叉意味着它们共享一个人物、一次选择,或一项利害。
- 找到交叉之处,通常比罗列出这些冲突更有价值。
Select all · 所有 the CED's statements about conflict. · 选择所有CED关于冲突的陈述。
Multiple conflicts are the norm, and their intersections are where to write. · 多重冲突是常态，它们的交叉点是写作之处。
Intersection heightens
- A primary conflict can be heightened by the presence of additional conflicts that intersect with it.
- So a second conflict is not a distraction from the main one — it raises its temperature.
- The scene where two conflicts meet is almost always the scene worth writing about.
交叉使之加剧
- 主要冲突可以因与之交叉的其他冲突的存在而加剧。
- 因此第二个冲突不是对主冲突的干扰——它提高了主冲突的温度。
- 两个冲突相遇的那一场,几乎总是值得写的那一场。
Internal, external, or an inconsistency? · 内部、外部，还是不一致？
Sort each tension by the CED's category. · 按CED的分类对每种张力进行排序。
An additional conflict distracts from the primary conflict and weakens it. · 额外的冲突会分散对主要冲突的注意力并削弱它。
An intersecting conflict heightens the primary one — it raises the temperature. · 交叉冲突会加剧主要冲突——它会升高温度。
A conflict needs two values named, not one. "He is in conflict with his father" names an opponent, not a conflict. "He values the farm's survival; his father values not being pitied" names the tension — and only that version can be developed with evidence.
冲突需要点出两个价值,而不是一个。"他与父亲有冲突"点出的是一个对手,不是一个冲突。"他看重农场存续;他父亲看重不被人可怜"点出的才是那种张力——而且只有这个版本可以用证据加以展开。
Match each observation to what it is. · 将每项观察结果与其性质匹配。
The third is not an error in the writing — the gap is the conflict. · 第三项并非写作错误——空白本身就是冲突。
Inconsistencies as evidence
- Inconsistencies in a text may create contrasts that represent conflicts of values or perspectives.
- A character who says one thing and does another is not badly written; the gap is the conflict.
- So an inconsistency is a place to look, not an error to explain away.
不一致之处作为证据
- 文本中的不一致之处,可能造成体现价值或视角冲突的对照。
- 一个说一套做一套的人物并不是写得差;那道缝隙就是冲突。
- 因此不一致之处是该去看的地方,而不是要设法解释掉的错误。
A conflict is only half-described until you name ____ competing values. · 直到你命名____对立的价值观，否则冲突只被描述了一半。
"He is in conflict with his father" names an opponent, not a conflict. · “他与父亲存在冲突”指出的是一名对手，而非冲突本身。
A conflict pass
- For each conflict, name both values — a conflict with one named value is half-described.
- Mark it internal or external, and find where two of them intersect.
- List the inconsistencies; each one is a candidate conflict you have not named yet.
冲突检查
- 对每一个冲突,说出两个价值——只说出一个价值的冲突,只描述了一半。
- 标出它是内在的还是外部的,并找出其中两个交叉之处。
- 列出各处不一致;每一处都是你尚未命名的候选冲突。
Internal: she values her own work against her duty to stay. External: the bank values repayment against her keeping the house. They intersect on one decision — to sell — and the second conflict is what makes the first unbearable rather than merely difficult.
内在的:她自己的工作与留下的责任相互竞争。外部的:银行看重还款,而她要保住房子。它们在同一个决定——卖掉——上交叉,而正是第二个冲突,使第一个从困难变成难以承受。
Conflict is tension between competing values, internal (within a character) or external (with obstructing forces). A text may hold multiple conflicts that intersect, and an intersecting conflict heightens the primary one. Inconsistencies can represent conflicts of values or perspectives.
冲突是相互竞争的价值之间的张力,可以是内在的(在人物内部)或外部的(与阻碍性力量之间)。一个文本可能包含多个相互交叉的冲突,而交叉的冲突会加剧主要冲突。不一致之处可以体现价值或视角的冲突。