A Claim About a Long Text · 关于长篇文本的主张
Four hundred pages, one paragraph
- The two components are unchanged: a claim that requires defense with evidence from the text, and the evidence itself.
- What changes is the search space — a novel offers a thousand quotations for any claim you like.
- So the difficulty moves from finding evidence to choosing it.
A novel offers a buffet of quotations; your argument still needs a plate, not the whole table.
四百页,一个段落
- 两个组成部分没有变:一个需要用文本中的证据加以捍卫的主张,以及证据本身。
- 变化的是搜索空间——对你喜欢的任何主张,一部小说都能提供一千处引文。
- 因此难点从找到证据,转移到挑选证据。
小说提供引文自助餐；论证需要的是一只盘子，不是整张餐桌。
In a long text, the difficulty of using evidence moves from finding it to... · 在长篇文本中，使用证据的难度从寻找它转变为……
A novel offers a thousand quotations for any claim you like. · 小说可为任何主张提供千余条引文。
In combination still means in combination
- Writers identify details that in combination enable a claim.
- In a novel the strongest combination is usually spread: an early detail and a late one.
- Two quotations from the same chapter prove that chapter; two from opposite ends prove the book.
"合在一起"仍然是合在一起
- 写作者找出那些合在一起使某一主张得以成立的细节。
- 在小说中,最有力的组合通常是分散的:一处早期细节加一处晚期细节。
- 同一章里的两处引文只能证明那一章;来自两端的两处引文才能证明整本书。
Two quotations from the same chapter are as strong as two from opposite ends of a novel. · 同一章节的两条引文与小说两端的两条引文同样有力。
Spread evidence shows a pattern; clustered evidence shows a moment. · 分布的证据展示模式；集中的证据展示某个时刻。
Quote short from a long text
- The longer the text, the shorter the quotation should be.
- A four-line quotation from a novel makes the reader do your selecting for you.
- Quote the four or five words that carry the claim, and describe the rest.
从长文本中短引
- 文本越长,引文就该越短。
- 从小说中引用四行,等于让读者替你做挑选。
- 只引那承载主张的四五个词,其余的用描述带过。
Is this evidence choice strong for a long text? · 对于长篇文本，这种证据选择是否有力？
Sort each pairing by what it can actually prove. · 根据每对组合实际能证明的内容进行排序。
The longer the text, the ____ the quotation should be. · 文本越长，引文应越____。
A four-line quotation makes the reader do your selecting for you. · 四行引文会让读者替你完成筛选工作。
Two quotations from the same chapter prove that chapter, not the book. In a long text, the strength of a claim comes from evidence that is spread — an early detail and a late one — because that is what shows the pattern rather than the moment.
同一章里的两处引文只能证明那一章,证明不了整本书。在长篇文本中,主张的力量来自分散的证据——一处早期细节加一处晚期细节——因为那才显示出模式,而不只是某个瞬间。
A claim about a whole novel is... · 关于整部小说的主张是……
A paragraph claim is about one character, one relationship, one pattern. · 段落主张关乎一个人物、一种关系或一种模式。
Claim size for a novel
- A claim about a whole novel is a thesis, not a paragraph claim.
- A paragraph claim is about one character, one relationship, one pattern.
- If your claim would need three paragraphs, it belongs in unit 3.7 as a thesis instead.
面对小说时主张的尺寸
- 关于整部小说的主张是论点,不是段落主张。
- 段落主张关乎一个人物、一种关系、一种模式。
- 如果你的主张需要三段来展开,它应当放到 3.7 去作论点。
Select all · 所有 the questions in the long-text paragraph check. · 选择所有长篇文本段落检查中的问题。
Fame is not a component of an argument. · 知名度不是论证的组成部分。
A long-text paragraph check
- Could a careful reader who has read the whole book disagree?
- Are my two quotations from different parts of the text?
- Does each quotation contain the words my claim rests on?
长文本段落检查
- 一位读完整本书的细心读者会不会不同意?
- 我的两处引文是否来自文本的不同部分?
- 每处引文是否都包含我的主张所依托的那些词?
Claim: the narrator ranks everyone by occupation. Chapter 2: he calls his cousin "a small clerk of a man." Chapter 31: he introduces his own daughter's husband as "in insurance." Twenty-nine chapters apart — that spread is what makes it a habit rather than a remark.
主张:叙述者以职业给每个人排序。第 2 章:他称表弟是"一个小职员似的人"。第 31 章:他介绍自己女儿的丈夫时说*"做保险的"*。相隔二十九章——正是这种分散,使它成为一种习惯而不是一句随口的话。
The components are unchanged — a claim requiring defense plus the evidence. In a long text the difficulty is choosing: take details in combination and spread across the text, quote short, and keep the claim to one character, relationship or pattern rather than the whole book.
组成部分没有变——一个需要被捍卫的主张加上证据。在长篇文本中,难点在于挑选:取那些合在一起且分散于全文的细节,短引,并把主张限定在一个人物、一种关系或一种模式,而不是整本书。