Tone · 语气
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| tone/təʊn/ | 语调 | yǔ diào |
You can hear an attitude in a sentence that states no opinion
- "The committee met again on Thursday" states a fact and can still sound weary.
- That audible attitude is tone 语调, and it is built from word choice.
- A reader infers it whether or not the writer intended it.
“The committee met again”: just one word, and “again” is already asking for a holiday.
在一句不表达任何意见的话里,你也能听出一种态度
- "委员会周四又开了一次会"陈述的是事实,却仍可能听起来疲惫。
- 这种可听见的态度就是语调(tone),而它由用词构成。
- 无论写作者是否有意,读者都会推断出它。
“委员会又开会了”：只多了一个“又”字，它已经想请假了。
What tone is
- A writer's tone is their attitude or feeling about a subject, conveyed through word choice and writing style.
- Readers infer tone from word choice — especially from positive, negative or otherwise charged associations.
- So tone is not stated; it is deduced from the connotations of Unit 5.
语调是什么
- 写作者的语调是他们对某一主题的态度或感受,通过用词与写作风格传达。
- 读者从用词中推断语调——尤其是从其正面、负面或其他带有色彩的联想中。
- 因此语调不是被陈述的;它是从第五单元所讲的内涵义中推断出来的。
Readers arrive at a writer's tone by... · 读者通过……感知作者的语气
Tone is inferred, which is why connotation is the evidence for it. · 语气是推断出来的，因此内涵义是其证据。
Tone shifts
- A writer's shifts in tone from one part of a text to another may suggest qualification, refinement, or a change in perspective.
- A shift is a visible event: something changed at that point in the argument.
- Finding the shift is often the fastest way into a rhetorical-analysis passage.
语调转变
- 写作者在文本不同部分之间的语调转变,可能提示限定、精炼或视角的改变。
- 转变是一个看得见的事件:在论证的那一点上有什么改变了。
- 找出这一转变,往往是进入一篇修辞分析选文最快的途径。
What does this tone shift suggest? · 这种语气的转变暗示了什么？
Match each shift to what the CED says it may indicate. · 将每种转变与CED所述的可能含义匹配。
Select all · 所有 that a shift in tone may suggest. · 选择所有语气转变可能暗示的内容。
The CED lists three; a change of author is not one of them. · CED列出了三项；作者身份变化不在其中。
"The tone is negative" is not an analysis. Name it precisely — weary, impatient, guarded, clinical — quote the words that produced it, and say what it does to the reader. A vague label is worth no more than no label.
"语调是负面的"不是分析。要精确命名——疲惫、不耐、戒备、冷峻——引出造就它的那些词语,并说出它对读者起了什么作用。含糊的标签与没有标签同样不值钱。
A tone shift is a visible : something changed in the argument at that point. · 语气转变是一个可见的：argument在该点发生了变化。
Locating the shift is often the fastest way into an unseen passage. · 定位转变往往是进入陌生文本最快的方式。
Analysing a shift
- Locate where the tone changes, then say what changed in the argument at that point.
- A tone that warms as a concession arrives is doing credibility work.
- A tone that cools before a rebuttal is preparing the reader to withdraw sympathy.
分析一次转变
- 定位语调变化之处,再说出在那一点上论证里发生了什么变化。
- 在让步到来时变得温和的语调,是在做可信度的工作。
- 在反驳之前变冷的语调,是在为读者收回同情作准备。
Describing a tone as "negative" is sufficient for an analysis. · 仅描述语气为“消极”不足以进行分析。
Name it precisely, quote what produced it, and say what it does to the reader. · 精确命名它，引用产生它的语句，并说明它对读者的影响。
Match each step of a tone analysis to what it delivers. · 将语气分析的每一步与其产生的结果匹配。
Claim, evidence, commentary — the same three parts, applied to tone. · 主张、证据、评论——同样的三个部分，应用于语气分析。
Writing about tone
- Name the tone with a precise word — weary, impatient, guarded — not "negative".
- Quote the words that produced it, and say what they carry.
- Then say what the tone does to the audience's disposition. That last step is the analysis.
书写语调
- 用一个精确的词来命名语调——疲惫、不耐、戒备——而不是"负面"。
- 引出造就它的那些词语,并说出它们携带了什么。
- 然后说出这一语调对受众倾向所起的作用。最后这一步才是分析。
A writer describes a programme in flat administrative vocabulary for three paragraphs, then switches to the first person and a single short sentence. The shift is the event: the argument has moved from what the record shows to what the writer will vouch for.
一位写作者用平板的行政词汇描述某个项目达三段之久,随后转为第一人称与一个短句。这次转变就是事件本身:论证已经从"记录显示什么"移到了"写作者愿意为什么作保"。
Tone is a writer's attitude, inferred by readers from word choice and its charged associations. Shifts in tone suggest qualification, refinement or a change in perspective — find the shift, say what changed in the argument there, and name the tone precisely.
语调是写作者的态度,由读者从用词及其带有色彩的联想中推断而来。语调转变提示限定、精炼或视角的改变——找出转变,说出在那里论证发生了什么变化,并精确命名语调。