Graphite · 石墨铅笔
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| graphite/ˈɡræfaɪt/ | 石墨 | shí mò |
| grades/ɡreɪdz/ | 硬度等级 | yìng dù děng jí |
| overhand grip/ˌəʊvəˈhænd ɡrɪp/ | 横握 | héng wò |
The everyday medium
- Graphite 石墨 is precise, erasable, and capable of a full (if silvery) value range.
- Pencil grades 硬度等级 run hard to soft: 9H (palest) through HB to 9B (darkest).
- Hard grades suit construction and detail; soft grades build rich darks fast.
最日常的媒介
- 石墨(graphite)精确、可擦、能画出完整（虽偏银灰）的明度范围。
- 铅笔硬度等级(grades)从硬到软：9H（最浅）经HB到9B（最深）。
- 硬铅适合起稿和细节；软铅能快速建立浓重的深色。
Which grade is the darkest and softest? · 哪种硬度最深且最软？
The B scale runs to 9B (darkest, softest). · B级刻度延伸至9B（最深、最软）。
Grip changes the mark
- The writing grip gives control for detail; the overhand grip 横握 shades broadly from the arm.
- Graphite gets shiny when layered heavily — for the deepest black, switch to charcoal.
- Woodless sticks and powder cover big areas; erasers carve the lights back out.
握法改变笔触
- 写字握法便于控制细节；横握(overhand grip)用手臂做大面积的排线。
- 石墨层叠太重会反光——要最深的黑，改用木炭。
- 全石墨棒和石墨粉铺大面积；橡皮再把亮部刻回来。
Which grade for the job? · 哪种硬度适合该工作？
Match each task to the graphite grade that suits it. · 将每项任务与适合的石墨铅笔硬度匹配。
Heavily layered graphite can turn shiny. · 过度叠加的石墨可能会变亮。
For the deepest matte black, switch to charcoal. · 为了获得最深的哑光黑，改用木炭。
Shading broadly from the arm uses the ____ grip. · 从手臂大范围排线使用____握笔法。
The overhand grip covers large areas evenly. · 反握能均匀覆盖大面积。
The control test
- A full-value graphite still life is the classic control test.
- Match each mark's darkness to the value you see, not to a habit.
- One polished graphite study belongs in almost any portfolio.
控制力测试
- 一张完整明度的石墨静物是经典的控制力测试。
- 让每个笔触的深浅对应你看到的明度，而不是习惯。
- 一张精修的石墨习作几乎属于任何作品集。
Select all · 所有 true statements about graphite. · 选择所有关于石墨的正确陈述。
Charcoal reaches a deeper matte black than graphite. · 木炭能达到比石墨更深的哑光黑。
Match the grade to its job. · 将硬度与其用途匹配。
Harder = lighter; softer = darker. · 越硬=越浅；越软=越深。
Reaching for the softest 9B to make everything dark leaves a shiny, greasy surface that photographs badly. Build darks in layers from a mid grade first; save 9B for the final accents.
为了把一切画黑就抓最软的9B，会留下油亮的表面，拍出来很难看。先用中间硬度分层建立暗部；把9B留给最后的重点。
Draw a metal spoon: 4H for the pale reflected sky in the bowl, HB for the mid greys, 6B pressed hard for the black slot of deepest shadow, then a kneaded eraser to snap back the highlight. Four grades, one convincing spoon.
画一把金属勺：勺内浅淡的反射天光用4H，中灰用HB，最深阴影的黑缝用6B重压，再用可塑橡皮把高光提回来。四种硬度，一把可信的勺子。
Graphite spans 9H to 9B: hard for construction and detail, soft for darks. Vary the grip, build darks in layers, and prove control with a full-value study.
石墨从9H到9B：硬铅起稿和细节，软铅画暗部。变换握法，分层建立暗部，用一张完整明度的习作证明控制力。