Introduction to Entropy · 熵的引入
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| entropy/ˈentrəpi/ | 熵 | shāng |
Nature's drift toward disorder
- A tidy room slides into mess; a drop of dye spreads through water.
- Energy and matter tend to spread out on their own.
- Some states are just far more likely than others.
- A single quantity measures this spreading.
大自然向无序漂移
- 整洁的房间滑向凌乱;一滴染料在水中散开。
- 能量和物质倾向于自发地散开。
- 有些状态就是比另一些可能得多。
- 一个量衡量这种散开。
What entropy measures
- Entropy 熵 measures the disorder, or spreading out, of matter and energy.
- More ways to arrange things means higher entropy.
- Nature tends to drift toward higher entropy.
熵衡量什么
- 熵衡量物质和能量的无序,或散开程度。
- 排列方式越多,熵越高。
- 大自然倾向于向更高的熵漂移。
Entropy is a measure of... · 熵是衡量...的量度
Entropy tracks disorder, not energy directly. · 熵追踪的是无序度，而非直接追踪能量。
Gas beats liquid beats solid
- A gas has far more entropy than a liquid or a solid.
- Melting and boiling both increase entropy.
- More freedom of movement means more entropy.
气体胜过液体胜过固体
- 气体的熵远高于液体或固体。
- 熔化和沸腾都增大熵。
- 运动的自由度越大,熵越大。
More or less entropy? · 熵增加还是减少？
Sort each by whether it has higher or lower entropy. · 根据熵值较高或较低对每一项进行分类。
When ice melts to water, the entropy... · 当冰融化成水时，熵...
Liquid water is more disordered than solid ice. · 液态水比固态冰更无序。
Order the states from LOWEST to HIGHEST entropy. · 按从最低到最高熵的顺序排列状态。
Solid < liquid < gas in entropy. · 固体 < 液体 < 气体（熵值递增）。
Among the three states, a ____ has the highest entropy. · 在三态之中，____ 具有最高的熵。
Gas particles are the most spread out and disordered. · 气体粒子最分散且最无序。
What increases entropy
- More particles, a higher temperature, and more gas moles raise entropy.
- Dissolving a solid usually increases it too.
- A reaction making more gas molecules has a positive entropy change.
什么增大熵
- 更多粒子、更高温度、更多气体摩尔数都增大熵。
- 溶解一种固体通常也增大它。
- 生成更多气体分子的反应有正的熵变。
A reaction that produces more moles of gas has an entropy change that is... · 产生更多摩尔气体的反应，其熵变是...
More gas molecules means more disorder -- positive entropy change. · 更多的气体分子意味着更多的无序——正的熵变。
Dissolving a solid in water usually increases the entropy. · 将固体溶解在水中通常会增加熵。
The ordered solid spreads out into solution, raising entropy. · 有序的固体扩散到溶液中，提高了熵。
Does entropy increase or decrease when ice melts?
- Liquid water is more disordered than solid ice.
- So the entropy increases.
冰融化时熵增大还是减小?
- 液态水比固态冰更无序。
- 所以熵增大。
Entropy measures disorder and spreading, not energy itself -- a gas has high entropy even when cool. Going solid to liquid to gas always raises entropy. And forming more gas molecules increases entropy, while forming fewer decreases it.
熵衡量无序和散开,而不是能量本身——气体即使在低温也有高熵。从固体到液体到气体总是增大熵。而且生成更多气体分子会增大熵,生成更少则减小熵。
Entropy measures the disorder or spreading of matter and energy, and nature drifts toward higher entropy. A gas has more than a liquid or solid, so melting and boiling raise it. More particles, higher temperature, and more gas moles all increase entropy.
熵衡量物质和能量的无序或散开,大自然向更高的熵漂移。气体的熵多于液体或固体,所以熔化和沸腾会增大它。更多粒子、更高温度、更多气体摩尔数都增大熵。