Heat Transfer and Thermal Equilibrium · 热传递与热平衡
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| thermal equilibrium/ˈθɜːml ˌiːkwɪˈlɪbrɪəm/ | 热平衡 | rè píng héng |
Warm meets cold
- Drop an ice cube in warm tea and both change.
- The tea cools; the ice warms -- they meet in the middle.
- Something always flows from the hotter to the colder.
- Eventually everything settles at one temperature.
暖遇到冷
- 把冰块放进温热的茶里,两者都会变化。
- 茶变凉;冰变暖——它们在中间相遇。
- 总有某种东西从更热的流向更冷的。
- 最终一切都停在同一个温度。
Heat flows hot to cold
- Heat always flows from the hotter object to the colder one.
- It never flows the other way on its own.
- The hot thing cools while the cold thing warms.
热从热流向冷
- 热总是从更热的物体流向更冷的。
- 它绝不会自己朝相反方向流。
- 热的东西变凉,冷的东西变暖。
Heat flows from... · 热量从...
Heat always flows from the hotter object to the colder one. · 热量总是从较热的物体流向较冷的物体。
Settling at one temperature
- Thermal equilibrium 热平衡 is when both reach the same temperature.
- Heat flow then stops, because no temperature difference is left.
- Everything in contact ends up equally warm.
停在同一个温度
- 热平衡是两者达到相同温度的时候。
- 那时热流停止,因为不再有温度差。
- 相互接触的一切最终都一样暖。
At thermal equilibrium, two objects in contact have... · 在热平衡时，相互接触的两个物体具有...
Equal temperatures mean no more net heat flow. · 温度相等意味着不再有净热流。
Net heat flow stops once the two objects reach the same temperature. · 一旦两个物体达到相同温度，净热流停止。
With no temperature difference, there is no driving force for heat. · 没有温差就没有驱动热流的动力。
Heat is not temperature
- Temperature measures the average energy of the particles.
- Heat is the energy that flows because of a temperature difference.
- A big cool object can hold more heat than a small hot one.
热不是温度
- 温度衡量粒子的平均能量。
- 热是因温度差而流动的能量。
- 一个大而凉的物体能容纳的热,可能多于一个小而热的。
Reaching thermal equilibrium · 达到热平衡
Two objects at different temperatures always settle to the same temperature. · 两个不同温度的物体最终总会达到相同的温度。
Heat and temperature are the same thing. · 热量和温度是同一回事。
Heat is energy in transit; temperature is average particle energy. · 热量是传递中的能量；温度是粒子的平均动能。
A large cool object can hold more ____ than a small hot one. · 一个大的冷物体比一个小的热物体能容纳更多的____。
Total heat depends on mass and material, not just temperature. · 总热量取决于质量和物质种类，而不仅仅是温度。
Hot metal is dropped into cool water. What happens?
- Heat flows from the metal to the water.
- The metal cools and the water warms until their temperatures match.
把热金属放入凉水中。会发生什么?
- 热从金属流向水。
- 金属变凉、水变暖,直到它们的温度相等。
Hot metal is placed in cool water. The metal... · 将热金属放入冷水中。金属...
Heat leaves the metal and enters the water, so the metal cools. · 热量离开金属进入水中，所以金属冷却。
Heat flows from hot to cold, never the reverse -- a cold object does not "send cold." Do not confuse heat (energy in transit) with temperature (how hot something is). At thermal equilibrium the temperatures are equal, so the net heat flow stops.
热从热流向冷,绝不反向——冷的物体不会"送出冷"。别把热(流动中的能量)与温度(某物有多热)混淆。在热平衡时温度相等,所以净热流停止。
Heat always flows from a hotter object to a colder one, cooling one and warming the other, until they reach thermal equilibrium at the same temperature. Heat (energy in transit) is not the same as temperature (average particle energy) -- a large cool object can hold more heat than a small hot one.
热总是从更热的物体流向更冷的,使一个变凉、另一个变暖,直到它们在同一温度达到热平衡。热(流动中的能量)与温度(平均粒子能量)不同——一个大而凉的物体能容纳的热可能多于一个小而热的。