How Catalysts Speed Things Up · 催化剂如何加速反应
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| catalyst/ˈkætəlɪst/ | 催化剂 | cuī huà jì |
A shortcut over the mountain
- Some reactions crawl until you add a magic helper.
- That helper opens a lower pass through the energy mountain.
- It emerges unchanged, ready to help again.
- A tiny amount can transform a sluggish reaction.
翻山的捷径
- 有些反应慢吞吞,直到你加入一个神奇的帮手。
- 那个帮手在能量大山中开出一条更低的山口。
- 它原封不动地出来,随时准备再次帮忙。
- 微小的量就能改变一个迟钝的反应。
A lower activation energy
- A catalyst 催化剂 provides an alternate path with a lower activation energy.
- More collisions can now clear the smaller barrier.
- So the reaction goes much faster.
更低的活化能
- 催化剂提供一条活化能更低的替代路径。
- 现在更多的碰撞能越过更小的壁垒。
- 所以反应快得多。
A catalyst speeds a reaction by... · 催化剂通过...加速反应
An alternate path with a lower barrier lets more collisions succeed. · 一条能垒较低的路径使更多碰撞能够成功。
A catalyst offers an alternate pathway with a lower ____ energy. · 催化剂提供了一条活化能更低的替代路径 ____。
The lower activation energy is what speeds the reaction. · 较低的活化能正是加速反应的原因。
Used but not used up
- A catalyst is not consumed -- it is regenerated each cycle.
- It appears as a reactant early and reappears as a product later.
- A little goes a long way.
被使用但不被耗尽
- 催化剂不被消耗——它每个循环都被再生。
- 它早早作为反应物出现,后来又作为产物重新出现。
- 一点点就能顶大用。
A catalyst is consumed (used up) by the reaction. · 催化剂被反应消耗（用完）。
A catalyst is regenerated, not used up. · 催化剂被再生，不会被消耗。
What stays the same
- A catalyst does not change $\Delta H$ or the final equilibrium.
- It only speeds up how fast equilibrium is reached.
- Enzymes are nature's highly specific catalysts.
什么保持不变
- 催化剂不改变 $\Delta H$,也不改变最终的平衡。
- 它只加快到达平衡的速度。
- 酶是大自然高度专一的催化剂。
How a catalyst helps · 催化剂如何起作用
A catalyst opens a new pathway with a lower activation energy - the enthalpy change stays the same. · 催化剂开辟了一条活化能更低的新路径——焓变保持不变。
Adding a catalyst changes which of these? · 加入催化剂会改变以下哪一项？
It only changes the rate, not $\Delta H$ or the equilibrium position. · 它只改变速率，不改变$\Delta H$或平衡位置。
A catalyst speeds up both the forward and reverse reactions. · 催化剂同时加快正反应和逆反应。
It lowers the barrier for both directions equally. · 它同等程度地降低两个方向的能垒。
Enzymes are best described as... · 酶最好被描述为...
Enzymes are highly specific catalysts in living things. · 酶是生物体内高度特异性的催化剂。
A catalyst lowers the activation energy from $100\ \text{kJ}$ to $60\ \text{kJ}$.
- The smaller barrier lets far more collisions succeed.
- The reaction speeds up, but $\Delta H$ is unchanged.
一种催化剂把活化能从 $100\ \text{kJ}$ 降到 $60\ \text{kJ}$。
- 更小的壁垒让多得多的碰撞成功。
- 反应加快,但 $\Delta H$ 不变。
A catalyst lowers the activation energy but does not change $\Delta H$ or shift the equilibrium position -- it only gets you there faster. It is regenerated, so it is not used up like a reactant. And it speeds both the forward and reverse reactions equally.
催化剂降低活化能,但不改变 $\Delta H$,也不移动平衡位置——它只是让你更快到达。它被再生,所以不像反应物那样被耗尽。而且它同等地加快正反应和逆反应。
A catalyst speeds a reaction by opening an alternate path with a lower activation energy, letting more collisions succeed. It is regenerated, not consumed, and it changes neither $\Delta H$ nor the equilibrium position -- only how fast equilibrium is reached. Enzymes are biological catalysts.
催化剂通过开辟一条活化能更低的替代路径来加快反应,让更多碰撞成功。它被再生而非消耗,既不改变 $\Delta H$ 也不改变平衡位置——只改变到达平衡的快慢。酶是生物催化剂。