Oxidation-Reduction (Redox) Reactions · 氧化还原（Redox）反应
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| oxidation/ˌɒksɪˈdeɪʃn/ | 氧化 | yǎng huà |
| reduction/rɪˈdʌkʃn/ | 还原 | huán yuán |
| reducing agent/rɪˈdjuːsɪŋ ˈeɪdʒənt/ | 还原剂 | huán yuán jì |
| oxidizing agent/ˈɒksɪdaɪzɪŋ ˈeɪdʒənt/ | 氧化剂 | yǎng huà jì |
The electron trade
- A shiny nail rusts; a battery powers a phone.
- Both run on electrons moving from one atom to another.
- One side loses electrons; the other side gains them.
- Follow the electrons and you understand the change.
电子的交易
- 亮闪闪的钉子会生锈;电池给手机供电。
- 两者都靠电子从一个原子移到另一个原子。
- 一方失去电子;另一方得到电子。
- 跟着电子走,你就理解了这场变化。
Losing and gaining electrons
- Oxidation 氧化 is the loss of electrons.
- Reduction 还原 is the gain of electrons.
- Remember "OIL RIG": Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain.
失去与得到电子
- 氧化是失去电子。
- 还原是得到电子。
- 记住"OIL RIG":氧化是失去(Oxidation Is Loss),还原是得到(Reduction Is Gain)。
Oxidation is defined as the... · 氧化定义为...
OIL means Oxidation Is Loss of electrons. · OIL 代表 Oxidation Is Loss of electrons（氧化即失电子）。
Reduction is the ____ of electrons. · 还原是电子的 ____。
RIG means Reduction Is Gain of electrons. · RIG 代表 Reduction Is Gain of electrons（还原即得电子）。
Always paired
- The electrons lost by one atom are gained by another.
- So oxidation and reduction always happen together.
- The electrons transferred must balance.
总是成对出现
- 一个原子失去的电子被另一个原子得到。
- 所以氧化和还原总是一起发生。
- 转移的电子必须平衡。
Oxidation and reduction always happen together in a redox reaction. · 在氧化还原反应中，氧化和还原总是同时发生。
Electrons lost by one species are gained by another. · 一种物种失去的电子被另一种物种获得。
The number of electrons lost must equal the number gained. · 失去的电子数必须等于获得的电子数。
Electron transfer is balanced in a redox reaction. · 氧化还原反应中的电子转移是平衡的。
Oxidizing and reducing agents
- The oxidizing agent 氧化剂 takes electrons and is itself reduced.
- The reducing agent 还原剂 gives electrons and is itself oxidized.
- Track oxidation states to see who did what.
氧化剂与还原剂
- 氧化剂夺取电子,自身被还原。
- 还原剂给出电子,自身被氧化。
- 跟踪氧化态,看谁做了什么。
Oxidised or reduced? · 被氧化还是被还原？
Track the electrons: sort each half-change as oxidation or reduction. · 追踪电子：将每个半变化归类为氧化或还原。
The oxidizing agent is itself... · 氧化剂本身...
The oxidizing agent takes electrons, so it is reduced. · 氧化剂获取电子，因此被还原。
In $\text{Zn} + \text{Cu}^{2+} \to \text{Zn}^{2+} + \text{Cu}$, which is oxidized?
- Zn goes from 0 to $+2$, so it lost electrons and is oxidized.
- $\text{Cu}^{2+}$ gained electrons, so it was reduced.
在 $\text{Zn} + \text{Cu}^{2+} \to \text{Zn}^{2+} + \text{Cu}$ 中,谁被氧化?
- Zn 从 0 变到 $+2$,所以它失去电子、被氧化。
- $\text{Cu}^{2+}$ 得到电子,所以它被还原。
In $\text{Zn} + \text{Cu}^{2+} \to \text{Zn}^{2+} + \text{Cu}$, zinc is... · 在 $\text{Zn} + \text{Cu}^{2+} \to \text{Zn}^{2+} + \text{Cu}$ 中，锌是...
Zn loses electrons (0 to +2), so it is oxidized. · Zn 失去电子（0 到 +2），因此被氧化。
Oxidation and reduction always occur together -- you cannot have one without the other. "OIL RIG" keeps the direction straight (loss is oxidation). And the oxidizing agent is the one that gets reduced (it took the electrons), which trips many people up.
氧化和还原总是一起发生——不可能只有其中一个。"OIL RIG"帮你记清方向(失去就是氧化)。而且氧化剂是那个被还原的(它夺走了电子),这一点常让人搞错。
In a redox reaction, oxidation is loss of electrons and reduction is gain ("OIL RIG"), and they always happen together. The oxidizing agent takes electrons (and is reduced); the reducing agent gives electrons (and is oxidized). Oxidation states track the transfer.
在氧化还原反应中,氧化是失去电子,还原是得到电子("OIL RIG"),两者总是一起发生。氧化剂夺取电子(自身被还原);还原剂给出电子(自身被氧化)。氧化态跟踪这一转移。