Capacity utilisation and outsourcing · 产能利用率和外包
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| capacity utilisation/kəˈpæsɪti ˌjuːtɪlaɪˈzeɪʃn/ | 产能利用率 | chǎn néng lì yòng lǜ |
| fixed costs/fɪkst kɒsts/ | 固定成本 | gù dìng chéng běn |
| average cost/ˈævrɪdʒ kɒst/ | 平均成本 | píng jūn chéng běn |
| idle/ˈaɪdl/ | 闲置的 | xián zhì de |
| slack/slæk/ | 余量 | yú liàng |
| maintenance/ˈmeɪntənəns/ | 维护 | wéi hù |
| outsourcing/aʊtˈsɔːsɪŋ/ | 外包 | wài bāo |
| control/kənˈtrəʊl/ | 控制 | kòng zhì |
Using what you've got
- A factory built to make 1,000 units a day but making only 600 is wasting expensive capacity.
- Capacity utilisation 产能利用率 measures how fully a business is using its resources.
用你所拥有的
- 一个建来一天制造 1,000 单位但只制造 600 的工厂在浪费昂贵的产能。
- 产能利用率(capacity utilisation)测量一个企业多么充分地使用它的资源。
Capacity utilisation lab · 产能利用率实验
utilisation = output / capacity · 利用率 = 实际产量 / 最大产能
Change output and see how close the firm is to full capacity. · 改变产量,观察企业接近满负荷生产的程度。
A firm can make 4,000 units but makes 3,000. What is its capacity utilisation (%)? · 一家企业最大产能为4,000单位,实际生产3,000单位。其产能利用率(%)是多少?
3000 / 4000 × 100 = 75%.
Higher capacity utilisation lowers average cost because it: · 提高产能利用率会降低平均成本,因为它:
Fixed costs per unit fall as output rises. · 随着产量上升,单位固定成本下降。
Actual output as a percentage of maximum possible output is capacity . · 实际产量占最大可能产量的百分比称为产能。
Capacity utilisation = actual ÷ maximum × 100. · 产能利用率 = 实际值 ÷ 最大值 × 100。
Capacity utilisation
- Capacity utilisation = (actual output ÷ maximum possible output) × 100.
- High utilisation spreads fixed costs 固定成本 over more units, lowering average cost 平均成本.
Worked example. A plant can make 2,000 units but makes 1,500. Capacity utilisation = 1500 ÷ 2000 × 100 = 75%. The other 25% of capacity sits idle 闲置的, still costing money.
Capacity utilisation: how much of its maximum possible output a firm actually produces
产能利用率
- 产能利用率 =(实际产出 ÷ 最大可能产出)× 100。
- 高利用率把固定成本分摊到更多单位上,降低平均成本。
例题。 一个工厂能制造 2,000 单位但制造 1,500。产能利用率 = 1500 ÷ 2000 × 100 = 75%。另外 25% 的产能闲置,仍然花钱。

产能利用率:一家公司实际生产了最大可能产量的多少
A risk of operating at nearly 100% capacity is: · 在接近100%产能运营的风险是:
Running flat-out leaves no room for breakdowns, maintenance or extra demand. · 满负荷运转意味着没有空间应对故障、维护或额外需求。
Too high or too low
- Too low: fixed costs spread over few units → high unit cost, wasted capacity.
- Too high (near 100%): no slack 余量 for maintenance 维护, breakdowns or new orders → stress and quality risk.
Capacity utilisation: how much of the maximum output is used
太高或太低
- 太低:固定成本分摊到很少的单位上 → 高单位成本、浪费的产能。
- 太高(接近 100%):没有维护、故障或新订单的余地 → 压力和质量风险。
Outsourcing can cut costs but reduces a firm's control over quality and timing. · 外包可以降低成本,但降低了企业对质量和交货期的控制力。
You gain flexibility and lower cost but lose direct control. · 你获得了灵活性和低成本,但失去了直接控制权。
Outsourcing 外包
- Outsourcing means paying another firm to do part of the work (e.g. components, IT, payroll).
- It can cut costs and add flexibility, but reduces control over quality and timing.
Outsourcing trades cost for control. Handing work to another firm is cheaper and more flexible, but you depend on their quality and reliability — a real risk if they let you down.
外包
- 外包(outsourcing)意味着付钱给另一个企业做部分工作(例如零部件、IT、薪资)。
- 它能削减成本并增加灵活性,但减少对质量和时间的控制。
外包用成本换控制。 把工作交给另一个企业更便宜更灵活,但你依赖他们的质量和可靠性——如果他们让你失望就是一个真实的风险。
You've got it
- capacity utilisation = (actual ÷ maximum output) × 100
- low utilisation wastes capacity; near-100% leaves no slack for problems
- outsourcing cuts cost and adds flexibility but reduces control
你掌握了
- 产能利用率 =(实际 ÷ 最大产出)× 100
- 低利用率浪费产能;接近 100% 没有应对问题的余地
- 外包削减成本并增加灵活性但减少控制