The significance of mitosis · 有丝分裂的意义
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| mitosis/maɪˈtəʊsɪs/ | 有丝分裂 | yǒu sī fēn liè |
| genetically identical/dʒɪˈnetɪkli aɪˈdentɪkl/ | 遗传上相同 | yí chuán shàng xiàng tóng |
| tumour/ˈtjuːmə/ | 肿瘤 | zhǒng liú |
| asexual reproduction/eɪˈsekʃuːəl rɪprəˈdʌkʃn/ | 无性生殖 | wú xìng shēng zhí |
| stem cell/stem sel/ | 干细胞 | gàn xì bāo |
| unspecialised/ʌnˈspeʃəlaɪzd/ | 未分化 | wèi fēn huà |
| differentiate/ˌdɪfəˈrenʃɪeɪt/ | 分化 | fēn huà |
Why mitosis 有丝分裂 matters
- Mitosis is nuclear division that makes two genetically identical 遗传上相同 daughter cells.
- Identical copies are exactly what a body needs to grow and repair itself.
- But the same process, out of control, causes tumours 肿瘤.
为什么有丝分裂重要
- 有丝分裂(mitosis) 是产生两个 基因相同 的子细胞的核分裂。
- 相同的副本正是身体生长和自我修复所需要的。
- 但同样的过程,失去控制,会引起肿瘤。
Why mitosis matters · 有丝分裂的重要性
Classify real cases by the role mitosis is playing. · 根据有丝分裂所扮演的角色对真实案例进行分类。
The two daughter cells produced by mitosis are: · 有丝分裂产生的两个子细胞是：
Mitosis produces genetically identical cells — they carry exactly the same genes as the parent. · 有丝分裂产生遗传上相同的细胞 — 它们携带与亲代完全相同的基因。
Mitosis produces genetically identical daughter cells, which is why it is used for growth and repair. · 有丝分裂产生遗传上相同的子细胞，这就是它被用于生长和修复的原因。
Identical copies are exactly what growth, repair and asexual reproduction need. · 完全相同的副本正是生长、修复和无性生殖所需要的。
What mitosis is for
- growth of a multicellular organism (more cells).
- replacement of dead or damaged cells.
- repair of tissues by making new cells.
- asexual reproduction 无性生殖 — one parent producing identical offspring.
Each new cell carries exactly the same genes as the parent.
The mitotic cell cycle: interphase then mitosis and cytokinesis
有丝分裂的用途
- 多细胞生物的 生长(更多细胞)。
- 死亡或受损细胞的 替换。
- 通过制造新细胞 修复 组织。
- 无性繁殖——一个亲本产生相同的后代。
每个新细胞携带与亲本 完全相同的基因。
有丝分裂细胞周期:间期然后有丝分裂和胞质分裂
Select all · 所有 the roles of mitosis. · 选择所有有丝分裂的作用。
Mitosis gives identical cells for growth, repair/replacement and asexual reproduction. Varied gametes come from meiosis; ATP comes from respiration. · 有丝分裂产生相同的细胞以用于生长、修复/更新和无性生殖。产生遗传多样的配子来自减数分裂；ATP 来自呼吸作用。
Match each role of mitosis to an example. · 将有丝分裂的每个作用与示例匹配。
All of these need genetically identical cells, so all use mitosis. · 所有这些都需要遗传上相同的细胞，因此都使用有丝分裂。
Stem cells 干细胞
- A stem cell is an unspecialised 未分化 cell that can:
- keep dividing by mitosis, and
- differentiate 分化 (change) into specialised cell types.
- They are the source of new cells for replacing losses and repairing tissues.
A stem cell can keep dividing or differentiate into many specialised cell types
A stained onion root tip: several cells are caught dividing
干细胞
- 干细胞(stem cell) 是一个 未分化的(unspecialised) 细胞,它能:
- 通过有丝分裂持续分裂,以及
- 分化(differentiate)(改变)成专门的细胞类型。
- 它们是替换损失和修复组织的新细胞的来源。
一个干细胞能持续分裂,或分化成许多专门的细胞类型
一个染色的洋葱根尖:几个细胞正被捕捉到在分裂
An unspecialised cell that can keep dividing and differentiate into other cell types is a ______ cell. · 一种未分化、能持续分裂并分化为其他细胞类型的细胞是 ______ 细胞。
Stem cells are unspecialised; they divide by mitosis and can differentiate into specialised cells. · 干细胞是未分化的；它们通过有丝分裂进行分裂，并能分化为特化细胞。
When control is lost
- The cell cycle is normally tightly controlled, so cells divide only when needed.
- If that control is lost, a cell divides again and again without stopping.
- This uncontrolled division produces a lump of cells — a tumour.
When cell-cycle control is lost, a cell divides over and over, building up into a tumour
当控制丧失时
- 细胞周期通常受到 严格控制,所以细胞只在需要时分裂。
- 如果那个控制丧失,一个细胞不停地一次又一次分裂。
- 这种不受控制的分裂产生一团细胞——一个 肿瘤(tumour)。
当细胞周期控制丧失时,一个细胞一再分裂,堆积成一个肿瘤
A tumour forms when: · 当出现以下情况时，会形成肿瘤：
Losing cell-cycle control lets cells divide without stopping, building up into a tumour. · 失去细胞周期控制使细胞持续分裂，堆积形成肿瘤。
You've got it
- mitosis → two genetically identical daughter cells (same genes)
- used for growth, replacement, repair, asexual reproduction
- stem cell = unspecialised; divides by mitosis and differentiates
- losing cell-cycle control → uncontrolled division → a tumour
你掌握了
- 有丝分裂 → 两个 基因相同 的子细胞(相同基因)
- 用于 生长、替换、修复、无性繁殖
- 干细胞 = 未分化;通过有丝分裂分裂并 分化
- 失去细胞周期控制 → 不受控制的分裂 → 一个 肿瘤