Fluid mosaic membranes · 流动镶嵌膜
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| cell surface membrane/sel ˈsɜːfɪs ˈmembreɪn/ | 细胞膜 | xì bāo mó |
| fluid mosaic model/ˈfluːɪd məˈseɪɪk ˈmɒdl/ | 流动镶嵌模型 | liú dòng xiāng qiàn mó xíng |
| partially permeable/ˈpɑːʃəli ˈpɜːməbl/ | 半透 | bàn tòu |
| channel protein/ˈtʃænl ˈprəʊtiːn/ | 通道蛋白 | tōng dào dàn bái |
| carrier protein/ˈkærɪə ˈprəʊtiːn/ | 载体蛋白 | zài tǐ dàn bái |
| cholesterol/kəˈlestərɒl/ | 胆固醇 | dǎn gù chún |
| antigen/ˈæntɪdʒen/ | 抗原 | kàng yuán |
| ligand/ˈlɪɡænd/ | 配体 | pèi tǐ |
| receptor/rɪˈseptə/ | 受体 | shòu tǐ |
The cell membrane
- Every cell is wrapped in a cell surface membrane 细胞膜.
- We describe it with the fluid mosaic model 流动镶嵌模型.
- It is partially permeable 半透 — it lets some things through and blocks others.
细胞膜
- 每个细胞都被一层 细胞表面膜(cell surface membrane) 包裹。
- 我们用 流动镶嵌模型(fluid mosaic model) 来描述它。
- 它是 部分透性的(partially permeable)——它让一些东西通过并阻挡另一些。
The phospholipid bilayer
- The membrane is built from phospholipids: each has a hydrophilic head and two hydrophobic tails.
- With water on both sides, they line up in two layers — a bilayer — heads facing the water, tails hidden inside.
- This forms by itself because of those water-loving and water-fearing parts.
The fluid mosaic model of the cell surface membrane
磷脂双层
- 膜由 磷脂(phospholipids) 构成:每个有一个 亲水的 头和两个 疏水的 尾。
- 两侧有水时,它们排成两层——一个 双层(bilayer)——头朝向水,尾藏在里面。
- 这 自行 形成,因为那些爱水和怕水的部分。
细胞表面膜的流动镶嵌模型
In the phospholipid bilayer, the molecules arrange so that: · 在磷脂双层中,分子这样排列:
Heads are attracted to the water on both sides; the tails hide in the middle, away from water. · 头被两侧的水吸引;尾藏在中间,远离水。
Fluid and mosaic
- Fluid: the phospholipids slide past each other, so the membrane bends and moves.
- Mosaic: many proteins are dotted through it, like tiles in a picture.
| Part | Role |
|---|---|
| channel proteins 通道蛋白 | water-filled pores for ions |
| carrier proteins 载体蛋白 | carry specific molecules across |
| cholesterol 胆固醇 | controls fluidity and adds strength |
| glycolipids / glycoproteins | cell recognition; some are antigens 抗原 |
Red blood cells under a scanning electron microscope, each wrapped in a cell surface membrane.
流动 且 镶嵌
- 流动(Fluid):磷脂彼此滑过,所以膜弯曲和移动。
- 镶嵌(Mosaic):许多 蛋白质 点缀在其中,像一幅画里的瓷砖。
| 部分 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| 通道蛋白 | 充满水的孔,供离子通过 |
| 载体蛋白 | 携带特定分子穿过 |
| 胆固醇 | 控制 流动性 并增加强度 |
| 糖脂 / 糖蛋白 | 细胞识别;有些是 抗原 |
扫描电子显微镜下的红血球,每个都被一层细胞表面膜包裹。
Explore the cell membrane · 探索细胞膜
Tap each part of the fluid mosaic model — the bilayer plus the proteins and other molecules dotted through it. · 点击流动镶嵌模型的每个部分——双层加上点缀在其中的蛋白质和其他分子。
Why is the model called "fluid mosaic"? · 为什么这个模型叫做“流动镶嵌”?
"Fluid" = the phospholipids move; "mosaic" = proteins scattered through the bilayer like tiles. · “流动” = 磷脂移动;“镶嵌” = 蛋白质像瓷砖一样散布在双层中。
In the fluid mosaic model the phospholipids are locked in place and cannot move. · 在流动镶嵌模型中,磷脂被锁在原地,不能移动。
"Fluid" means the opposite — the phospholipids slide past one another, so the membrane can bend and move. · “流动”意思相反——磷脂彼此滑过,所以膜能弯曲和移动。
The molecule that sits between the phospholipid tails to control membrane fluidity is ______. · 位于磷脂尾之间以控制膜流动性的分子是 ______。
Cholesterol controls fluidity and stabilises the membrane. · 胆固醇控制流动性并稳定膜。
Match each membrane component to its role. · 把每个膜组分与它的作用配对。
Channel = ion pore; carrier = specific transport; glycoprotein = recognition (some act as antigens); cholesterol = fluidity. · 通道 = 离子孔;载体 = 特定运输;糖蛋白 = 识别(有些作为抗原);胆固醇 = 流动性。
Cell signalling
- Cells talk to each other by cell signalling:
- a cell secretes a signal chemical — a ligand 配体 (e.g. a hormone).
- it travels (often in blood) to a target cell.
- it binds a receptor 受体 whose shape matches that ligand only — triggering a response inside the cell.
细胞信号传递
- 细胞通过 细胞信号传递(cell signalling) 互相交谈:
- 一个细胞分泌一种信号化学物质——一个 配体(ligand)(例如一种 激素)。
- 它(常在血液中)行进到一个 靶细胞(target cell)。
- 它结合一个形状只与那个配体匹配的 受体(receptor)——触发细胞内部的一个反应。
In cell signalling, a ligand causes a response because it: · 在细胞信号传递中,一个配体引起一个反应,因为它:
The ligand binds a specific receptor (matching shape) on the target cell, triggering a response inside. · 配体结合靶细胞上一个特定的受体(匹配的形状),触发内部的一个反应。
You've got it
- fluid mosaic model: a fluid phospholipid bilayer (heads out, tails in) with proteins as a mosaic
- channel/carrier proteins transport; cholesterol controls fluidity; glycoproteins = recognition/antigens
- the membrane is partially permeable
- cell signalling: ligand → target cell → matching receptor → response
你掌握了
- 流动镶嵌模型:一个流动的 磷脂双层(头朝外,尾朝里)加上作为镶嵌的蛋白质
- 通道/载体蛋白 运输;胆固醇 控制流动性;糖蛋白 = 识别/抗原
- 膜是 部分透性的
- 细胞信号传递:配体 → 靶细胞 → 匹配的 受体 → 反应