International markets
Đã giới thiệu| English | Ý nghĩa |
|---|---|
| international markets/ˌɪntəˈnæʃənl ˈmɑːkɪts/ | thị trường quốc tế |
| exporting/ekˈspɔːtɪŋ/ | xuất khẩu |
| licensing/ˈlaɪsənsɪŋ/ | cấp phép kinh doanh |
| franchising/ˈfræntʃaɪzɪŋ/ | cho thuê thương hiệu |
| joint ventures/dʒɔɪnt ˈventʃəz/ | liên doanh |
| direct investment/daɪˈrekt ɪnˈvestmənt/ | đầu tư trực tiếp |
| economies of scale/ɪˈkɒnəmiz ɒv skeɪl/ | lợi thế quy mô |
| trade barriers/treɪd ˈbærɪəz/ | rào cản thương mại |
| multinational companies/ˌmʌltɪˈnæʃənl ˈkʌmpəniz/ | công ty đa quốc gia |
Selling to the world
- Once a firm outgrows its home market, the whole world beckons — billions of new customers.
- But international markets 国际市场 bring big opportunities and big risks.
International market lab
See how access to world markets changes quantity and price pressure.
Selling home-produced goods to customers abroad is:
Độ khó 1/5 · 100 xu + một phần thưởng nhỏ cho lần hoàn thành đầu tiên trong ngày
Exporting sells domestic output overseas.
Letting a local firm sell under your brand for a fee is known as ______.
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Franchising/licensing is a lower-risk entry method.
Ways to enter foreign markets
- Exporting 出口: selling home-made goods abroad.
- Licensing 许可经营 / franchising 特许经营: letting a local firm produce or sell under your brand.
- Joint ventures 合资企业 and direct investment 直接投资: setting up or partnering overseas.
Market entry modes range from low-commitment exporting to setting up an own branch abroad
Digital advertising screens: marketing increasingly happens online and on screens
Which are opportunities of entering international markets? (Select all that apply.)
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Bigger markets, scale and risk-spreading are real gains; profit is never guaranteed.
Opportunities
- Access to larger markets and economies of scale 规模经济.
- Spreading risk across countries, and using cheaper resources or labour.
Which is a risk of trading internationally?
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Currency swings, culture and trade barriers are key risks.
A multinational company (MNC) operates in more than one country.
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MNCs span many countries and are economically powerful.
Risks and the role of MNCs
- Cultural differences, exchange-rate swings, trade barriers 贸易壁垒 and legal differences.
- Multinational companies 跨国公司 (MNCs) operate in many countries — powerful, but face criticism over jobs, tax and ethics.
Worked example. A coffee chain enters a new country by franchising to local partners who know the market and culture — lower risk and cost than building its own stores from scratch.
You've got it
- entry methods: exporting, licensing/franchising, joint ventures, direct investment
- opportunities: larger markets, economies of scale, spreading risk
- risks: culture, exchange rates, trade barriers; MNCs are powerful but controversial
Write from a direct investment of 2 million
- A firm spends 2 million building its own factory abroad.
- Name that entry method and one risk that stays.
A firm spends 2 million to build and own a factory in another country. What entry method is that, and what risk does owning the factory not remove?
Owning the foreign factory is direct investment.
What entry method is the 2 million factory?
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The firm owns the foreign operation. Other options — Exporting (because the goods will be sold abroad); Licensing (because another country is involved).