Oil and the Environment
Three concerns shaped Middle East policy
- Ideological, military, and economic concerns shaped U.S. involvement in the Middle East, with several oil crises in the region eventually sparking attempts at creating a national energy policy.
- Three concerns, and the CED lists ideological first — this is not only about oil.
- Attempts at creating a national energy policy is the domestic consequence: a foreign supply problem became a policy question at home.
Select all three concerns that shaped Middle East involvement.
The CED lists ideological first — not only about oil.
Problems produced a movement
- Environmental problems and accidents led to a growing environmental movement that aimed to use legislative and public efforts to combat pollution and protect natural resources.
- Problems and accidents are the cause — the movement is described as a response to visible events.
- Two methods: legislative and public efforts, which is 6.11's and 8.10's pattern of addressing several institutions.
The CED describes the environmental movement as a response to...
A response to visible events.
And the government responded
- The federal government established new environmental programmes and regulations.
- A short sentence, but it settles the objective's how: the movement's demands became federal policy.
- 8.14's conservatives will be seeking to limit the role of the federal government in exactly this period, so the two are simultaneous.
A Middle East concern, the movement, or the federal response?
Sort each element of environmental and energy policy.
Select both methods the movement used.
6.11's and 8.10's pattern of addressing several institutions.
An energy policy and an environmental policy pull in different directions. One asks how to secure more supply; the other how to use and pollute less — the CED puts them in one subtopic, so the tension is part of what 8.13 is about.
An energy policy and an environmental policy can pull in different directions.
The CED puts them in one subtopic.
Two policies pulling apart
- A national energy policy asks how to secure more supply; an environmental policy asks how to use less and pollute less.
- The CED puts them in the same subtopic, which means the tension is part of what 8.13 is about.
- So an answer should name both and say where they conflict, rather than treating them as one green agenda.
The federal government established new environmental programmes and ____.
While 8.14's conservatives sought to limit the federal role.
How and why environmental policy changed
- The objective is how and why policies related to the environment developed and changed from 1968 to 1980.
- Why: visible problems and accidents, plus oil crises that made energy a national question.
- How: through a movement using legislative and public efforts, and a federal government that established programmes and regulations.
A country short of fuel wants more of it; a country choking on smoke wants less burned. The same government has to answer both letters in the same year, and the answers do not agree.
Ideological, military, and economic concerns shaped U.S. involvement in the Middle East, with several oil crises in the region eventually sparking attempts at creating a national energy policy. Environmental problems and accidents led to a growing environmental movement that aimed to use legislative and public efforts to combat pollution and protect natural resources. The federal government established new environmental programmes and regulations.