The Age of Reform
From revival to reform
- The Second Great Awakening influenced moral and social reforms and inspired utopian and other religious movements.
- The CED makes the causal link explicit: the revival is upstream of the reform movements, not merely contemporary with them.
- Utopian movements are named separately, so the period produced both attempts to fix society and attempts to leave it.
The CED places the Second Great Awakening...
It influenced reforms and inspired utopian movements.
Voluntary organisations
- Americans formed new voluntary organisations that aimed to change individual behaviours and improve society through temperance and other reform efforts.
- Voluntary is the key word: these are private associations, not state programmes — 2.7's associational habit at a new scale.
- And note the two targets: individual behaviours and society, which are different objects requiring different methods.
Select both targets of the new voluntary organisations.
Different objects requiring different methods.
Abolition, with a stated limit
- Abolitionist and antislavery movements gradually achieved emancipation in the North, contributing to the growth of the free African American population, even as many state governments restricted African Americans' rights.
- Even as holds an advance and a restriction in one sentence — emancipation in the North and rights restricted by state governments.
- Antislavery movements increased in the North, which is the sectional pattern 4.3 and 4.13 describe from other angles.
Select both things the CED states about antislavery in the North.
'Even as' holds an advance and a restriction together.
The CED records a disagreement inside the women's rights movement. Over time, arguments emerged over whether to narrow the goals to white women — that second sentence is the one most answers omit, and including it is what makes an account of the movement accurate.
Which reform current?
Sort each element into its movement.
The women's rights movement expressed its ideals at the ____ Falls Convention.
And arguments emerged over whether to narrow the goals.
Women's rights, and an internal argument
- A women's rights movement sought to create greater equality and opportunities for women, expressing its ideals at the Seneca Falls Convention.
- Over time, arguments emerged over whether to narrow the goals to white women.
- The CED records a disagreement inside the movement, and that second sentence is one most answers omit.
The CED records a disagreement inside the women's rights movement.
Including it is what makes the account accurate.
How and why reform movements developed
- The objective is how and why various reform movements developed and expanded from 1800 to 1848.
- Why: revival supplied the motive, perfectibility the premise, and the market revolution the problems.
- How: through voluntary organisations aimed at both individual behaviour and social institutions.
A movement that has agreed on a principle has not yet agreed on who it covers. The first disagreement is easier to win than the second, and organisations often discover the second only after the first is won.
The Second Great Awakening influenced moral and social reforms and inspired utopian and other religious movements; Americans formed new voluntary organisations that aimed to change individual behaviours and improve society through temperance and other reform efforts; abolitionist and antislavery movements gradually achieved emancipation in the North... even as many state governments restricted African Americans' rights; and a women's rights movement... expressed its ideals at the Seneca Falls Convention, though arguments emerged over whether to narrow the goals to white women.