Categories of Disorders
Introduced| English |
|---|
| Neurodevelopmental disorders/ˌnjuːrəʊdˈveləpmentl dɪˈsɔːdəz/ |
| Schizophrenic spectrum disorders/ˌskɪtsəˈfrenɪk ˈspektrəm dɪˈsɔːdəz/ |
| delusions/dɪˈluːʒnz/ |
| hallucinations/həˌluːsɪˈneɪʃnz/ |
| Depressive disorders/dɪˈpresɪv dɪˈsɔːdəz/ |
| Bipolar disorders/baɪˈpəʊlə dɪˈsɔːdəz/ |
| mania/ˈmeɪnɪə/ |
| Anxiety disorders/æŋˈzaɪəti dɪˈsɔːdəz/ |
| Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders/ɒbˈsesɪv kəmˈpʌlsɪv ænd rɪˈleɪtɪd dɪˈsɔːdəz/ |
| obsessions/ɒbˈseʃnz/ |
| compulsions/kəmˈpʌlʃnz/ |
| Dissociative disorders/dɪˈsəʊsɪətɪv dɪˈsɔːdəz/ |
| Trauma and stressor-related disorders/ˈtrɔːmə ænd ˈstresə rɪˈleɪtɪd dɪˈsɔːdəz/ |
| Personality disorders/ˌpɜːsəˈnælɪti dɪˈsɔːdəz/ |
| Feeding and eating disorders/ˈfiːdɪŋ ænd ˈiːtɪŋ dɪˈsɔːdəz/ |
Categories defined by what they have in common
- The disorders in a category share a defining feature, not a cause.
- That is why one category can have many proposed causes at once.
- Learn the defining feature first; the causes attach to it afterwards.
Neurodevelopmental and schizophrenic spectrum
- Neurodevelopmental disorders 神经发育障碍 have onset during the developmental period; causes may be environmental, physiological or genetic.
- Schizophrenic spectrum disorders 精神分裂症谱系障碍 are characterised by issues in one or more of five areas: delusions 妄想, hallucinations 幻觉, disorganised speech, disorganised behaviour and negative symptoms.
- Proposed causes for the second include genetic and biological links such as prenatal virus exposure or neurotransmitter imbalance.
Select all the areas that characterise schizophrenic spectrum disorders.
Mania belongs to bipolar disorders, not the schizophrenic spectrum.
Mood and anxiety
- Depressive disorders 抑郁障碍 involve sad, empty or irritable mood with physical and cognitive changes.
- Bipolar disorders 双相障碍 involve periods of mania 躁狂 and periods of depression.
- Anxiety disorders 焦虑障碍 involve excessive fear or anxiety with related disturbances to behaviour.
Which category's defining feature?
Match each defining feature to its category.
The defining feature of bipolar disorders is...
Mania is what distinguishes bipolar from a depressive disorder.
Do not use a diagnostic term casually or apply it to yourself or others from a description. The CED states that diagnosis requires specialised training and evidence-based tools — these categories are for understanding research, not for labelling people.
Intrusive thoughts in obsessive-compulsive disorders are called ____.
Obsessions are the thoughts; compulsions are the repetitive behaviours.
Match each category to what it requires.
Each category is defined by a feature, and the causes attach to the feature afterwards.
Obsessive-compulsive, dissociative and trauma-related
- Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders 强迫及相关障碍 involve obsessions 强迫思维 (intrusive thoughts) and compulsions 强迫行为 (repetitive behaviours).
- Dissociative disorders 分离障碍 involve dissociation from consciousness, memory, identity or perception.
- Trauma and stressor-related disorders 创伤及应激相关障碍 require exposure to a traumatic or stressful event.
Personality disorders fall into three clusters.
They involve enduring patterns of inner experience and behaviour, grouped into three clusters.
Eating and personality disorders
- Feeding and eating disorders 进食障碍 involve altered consumption or absorption of food that impairs health.
- Personality disorders 人格障碍 fall into three clusters and involve enduring patterns of inner experience and behaviour.
- For most categories the CED gives the same list of possible causes: biological, genetic, social, cultural, behavioural or cognitive.
Two people both avoid crowded places. One does so after a traumatic event and re-experiences it — trauma and stressor-related. The other has intrusive thoughts and performs a repetitive routine before leaving — obsessive-compulsive. The same visible behaviour, two different defining features.
Each category is defined by a shared feature, not a shared cause. Schizophrenic spectrum covers five areas including delusions and hallucinations; bipolar requires periods of mania; obsessive-compulsive requires obsessions and compulsions; trauma-related requires an event. Causes are usually listed as biological, genetic, social, cultural, behavioural or cognitive.