Three questions decide whether a reaction is useful: does it heat or cool, how fast is it, and does it finish? Physical chemistry answers them — calorimetry and Q = mcΔT, collision theory with its four levers, and the dynamic equilibrium a reversible reaction reaches in a closed vessel.
Edexcel International GCSE Chemistry 4CH1, Section 3 (statement 3.1–3.22C)는 길이는 짧지만 계산이 많음. C 접미사가 붙은 statement는 화학 전용임.