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Subjects

University Medicine

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This course follows the first two years of a medical degree: the preclinical biomedical sciences plus clinical foundations — what MBBS/MD years 1–2 (or China's 临床医学 years 1–2) build on. It opens with cells and molecules, then biochemistry, anatomy, histology, physiology and the reasoning subjects: genetics, immunology, microbiology, neuroscience, pathology, pharmacology, and evidence-based medicine, closing with clinical foundations.

It is not a medical degree. There are no clinical placements and no patients: every case is fictional, and nothing here licenses, certifies or guides treatment. Drug amounts appear only inside labelled calculations, never as regimens.

The medicine habit is mechanism before fact: every number is recomputed (a Nernst potential, a Hardy–Weinberg risk, a half-life), every claim is checked against two sources, and "not yet settled in the literature" is an answer you will meet on purpose.

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  • 1

    Cell and Molecular Biology for Medicine
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    • 1.1 Cell organisation and organelles
    • 1.2 Membranes and transport
    • 1.3 DNA replication and repair
    • 1.4 Gene expression — transcription and translation
    • 1.5 Regulation of gene expression
    • 1.6 Cell signalling
    • 1.7 Cell cycle, cell death and cancer biology
  • 2

    Medical Biochemistry
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    • 2.1 Proteins and protein structure
    • 2.2 Enzymes and enzyme kinetics
    • 2.3 Bioenergetics and glycolysis
    • 2.4 TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation
    • 2.5 Glycogen and gluconeogenesis
    • 2.6 Lipid metabolism
    • 2.7 Nitrogen metabolism and the urea cycle
    • 2.8 Integration of metabolism: fed, fasting and diabetes
  • 3

    Human Anatomy
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    • 3.1 Anatomical language, planes and imaging
    • 3.2 Upper limb
    • 3.3 Lower limb
    • 3.4 Thorax
    • 3.5 Abdomen
    • 3.6 Pelvis and perineum
    • 3.7 Head and neck
    • 3.8 Back and vertebral column
  • 4

    Histology and Embryology
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    • 4.1 Microscopy and tissue preparation
    • 4.2 Epithelium and connective tissue
    • 4.3 Muscle and nervous tissue
    • 4.4 Organ histology: circulatory, respiratory and digestive
    • 4.5 Organ histology: urinary, endocrine, reproductive and skin
    • 4.6 Early development: fertilisation to gastrulation
    • 4.7 Organogenesis and congenital anomalies
  • 5

    Human Physiology
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    • 5.1 Homeostasis and body fluids
    • 5.2 Excitable cells and muscle
    • 5.3 Cardiovascular physiology
    • 5.4 Respiratory physiology
    • 5.5 Renal physiology and acid–base
    • 5.6 Gastrointestinal physiology
    • 5.7 Endocrine and reproductive physiology
  • 6

    Medical Genetics
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    • 6.1 Chromosomes and karyotypes
    • 6.2 Mendelian inheritance and pedigrees
    • 6.3 Non-Mendelian inheritance
    • 6.4 Mutation and variant interpretation
    • 6.5 Population genetics
    • 6.6 Genetic testing and counselling
    • 6.7 Multifactorial disease and pharmacogenomics
  • 7

    Medical Immunology
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    • 7.1 Innate immunity
    • 7.2 Antigen recognition: antibodies, receptors and MHC
    • 7.3 Adaptive responses: T and B cells
    • 7.4 Immunological memory and vaccination
    • 7.5 Hypersensitivity
    • 7.6 Autoimmunity and tolerance
    • 7.7 Immunodeficiency and transplantation
  • 8

    Medical Microbiology and Infection
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    • 8.1 Classification and the diagnostic laboratory
    • 8.2 Bacteria: structure, growth and pathogenesis
    • 8.3 Viruses
    • 8.4 Fungi and parasites
    • 8.5 Host–pathogen interaction and transmission
    • 8.6 Antimicrobials and resistance
    • 8.7 Infection prevention and control
  • 9

    Neuroscience
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    • 9.1 Neurons, synapses and neurotransmitters
    • 9.2 Somatosensory and pain pathways
    • 9.3 Motor systems
    • 9.4 Special senses
    • 9.5 Autonomic nervous system
    • 9.6 Higher functions: sleep, memory and language
    • 9.7 Lesion localisation
  • 10

    Pathology
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    • 10.1 Cell injury, adaptation and death
    • 10.2 Inflammation and repair
    • 10.3 Haemodynamic disorders
    • 10.4 Neoplasia
    • 10.5 Cardiovascular and respiratory pathology
    • 10.6 Gastrointestinal, liver and renal pathology
    • 10.7 Laboratory medicine and the pathology report
  • 11

    Pharmacology
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    • 11.1 Pharmacokinetics
    • 11.2 Pharmacodynamics
    • 11.3 Autonomic pharmacology
    • 11.4 Cardiovascular and renal drugs
    • 11.5 Antimicrobial and anticancer drugs
    • 11.6 CNS drugs and analgesia
    • 11.7 Adverse reactions, interactions and safe-medication principles
  • 12

    Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Evidence-Based Medicine
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    • 12.1 Measuring disease: incidence and prevalence
    • 12.2 Study designs
    • 12.3 Bias, confounding and causation
    • 12.4 Diagnostic tests
    • 12.5 Statistical inference for clinical data
    • 12.6 Clinical trials and systematic reviews
    • 12.7 Critical appraisal and applying evidence
  • 13

    Clinical Foundations—— Communication, Reasoning and Ethics
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    • 13.1 The consultation and history-taking
    • 13.2 Principles of physical examination
    • 13.3 Clinical reasoning and differential diagnosis
    • 13.4 Communicating with patients
    • 13.5 Medical ethics: autonomy, consent and confidentiality
    • 13.6 Patient safety and quality
    • 13.7 Public health and health systems

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IGCSE, A-Level & AP