比較パターン

• 18 比較パターン

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  18.1

  跟 … 比(起来) — "compared with"

  To lead with a comparison, start with with / and跟gēn A than / compared to比bǐ((after a verb) indicating…起来qǐ lái), then comment on B — "compared with A, B is …." This sets the standard first, then makes the point. (Here, with / and跟gēn ≈ and / with和hé; with / and跟gēn is slightly more common.) B can also begin the sentence.

  Structure: 跟 + A + 比(起来) ，B + Comment

  compared with跟gēnShanghai上海Shàng hǎi比bǐmy，我wǒhometown老家lǎo jiā的deprices物价wù jiàvery很hěnlow低dī。

  Compared with Shanghai, prices in my hometown are very low.

  the younger sister妹妹mèi meicompared with跟gēnthe elder姐姐jiě jie比起来bǐ qǐ láia bit有点yǒu diǎnshy害羞hài xiū。

  Compared with her elder sister, the younger one is a bit shy.

  remember: with / and跟gēn A than / compared to比bǐ means "holding it up against A…" — benchmark first, verdict second. Note that unlike a bare than / compared to比bǐ sentence, this structure allows degree / adjective linker很hěn ((commodity) prices物价wù jiàdegree / adjective linker很hěnlow低dī), because it functions as a comment rather than a direct A-than / compared to比bǐ-B construction.

  Watch out

  • For a plain "A is more X than B," the basic than / compared to比bǐ suffices: Athan / compared to比bǐBhigh高gāo.

  18.2

  比 … 更 / 还 — "even more"

  In a than / compared to比bǐ comparison, place more更gèng or still / also还hái before the adjective to mean the first item is even more so — often implying a sly hint that "(B is already very …, and A surpasses it)."

  Structure: Noun 1 + 比 + Noun 2 + 更 / 还 + Adjective

  Shanghai上海Shàng hǎithan比bǐNew York纽约Niǔ yuēpopulation人口rén kǒueven更gèngbigger多duō。

  Shanghai's population is even bigger than New York's.

  he他tāthan比bǐYao Ming姚明Yáo Míngeven还háitaller高gāo。

  He's even taller than Yao Ming.

  remember: more更gèng / still / also还hái = "even more." still / also还hái especially implies "(and the other is already sky-high)" — than / compared to比bǐYao Ming (1980-), retired…姚明yáo míngstill / also还háihigh高gāo quietly admits Yao Ming is already a giant. Crucial rule: a than / compared to比bǐ sentence never takes degree / adjective linker很hěn / very非常fēi cháng — degree is expressed via more更gèng / still / also还hái / many多duō(completed / change)了le.

  Watch out

  • than / compared to比bǐ + degree / adjective linker很hěn is a classic mistake: say than / compared to比bǐhe / him他tāhigh高gāo or than / compared to比bǐhe / him他tāmore更gènghigh高gāo, never than / compared to比bǐhe / him他tādegree / adjective linker很hěnhigh高gāo.

  18.3

  比 … 形容词 + 多了 — "much more"

  To stress a big gap, end a than / compared to比bǐ comparison with many多duō(completed / change)了le (or (degree marker)得demany多duō / 很多hěn duō) — "much more …." many多duō(completed / change)了le also works independently: many好多hǎo duō(completed / change)了le ("much better").

  Structure: Noun 1 + 比 + Noun 2 + Adjective + 多了 / 得多 / 很多

  pinyin拼音pīn yīnthan比bǐcharacters汉字Hàn zìeasy容易róng yìmuch多了duō le。

  Pinyin is much easier than characters.

  taking坐zuòthe bullet train高铁gāo tiěthan比bǐtaking坐zuòthe plane飞机fēi jīconvenient方便fāng biànmuch more得多de duō。

  The bullet train is much more convenient than flying.

  remember: size the gap at the end: big gap → many多duō(completed / change)了le / (degree marker)得demany多duō / 很多hěn duō; small gap → a bit一点yì diǎn (easy容易róng yìa bit一点yì diǎn, "a little easier"). Again, never use degree / adjective linker很hěn / very非常fēi cháng inside a than / compared to比bǐ sentence.

  Watch out

  • many多duō(completed / change)了le / (degree marker)得demany多duō / 很多hěn duō all follow after the adjective: 高多gāo duō(completed / change)了le, 高得gāo démany多duō — never many多duō(completed / change)了lehigh高gāo.

  18.4

  A + 有 + B + 形容词 + 吗？ — "as … as?"

  to have / there is有yǒu does more than "have" — in comparisons, it means "as … as": "A to have / there is有yǒu B + Adj" = "A is as [Adj] as B." It mostly occurs in questions, where B serves as the benchmark you're measuring against, often accompanied by so much这么zhè me / like that那么nà me.

  Structure: A + 有 + B + (这么 / 那么) + Adjective + 吗？

  he他tāas有yǒume我wǒhandsome帅shuài吗ma？

  Is he as handsome as me?

  he他tāas有yǒuYao Ming姚明Yáo Míngthat那么nà metall高gāo吗ma？

  Is he really as tall as Yao Ming?

  remember: to have / there is有yǒu = "reaches as far as" (as … as); not have / haven't没有méi yǒu = "falls short of" (not as … as). The question to have / there is有yǒu…(yes/no ?)吗ma？ asks "does A measure up to B?"; the answer is to have / there is有yǒu / not have / haven't没有méi yǒu (not have / haven't没有méi yǒu你帅nǐ shuài, "not as handsome as you").

  Watch out

  • Used mainly in questions and negatives, not plain statements. For plain statements, use with / and跟gēn…same一样yī yàng ("the same as") or than / compared to比bǐ ("more than").

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