動詞句

You joined a project team last Monday. In week one you mix up two similar file names. Your teammates take it calmly: at the beginning, a slip like that is hard to avoid. A month later, they warmly welcome the clear summary you wrote.

hard to avoid难免nán miǎn + verb

hard to avoid难免nán miǎn means "hard to avoid" or "bound to". Inside the word, difficult / hard难nán means "hard" and old variant of 絻免miǎn means "avoid". The tone is kind and understanding. The result is usually something people would rather skip, and it still feels natural: a mistake, a worry, or a small trouble. can / will会huì often comes right after hard to avoid难免nán miǎn. You will meet the pattern in conversation and in writing.

to appear形xíng

(Subject +) hard to avoid难免nán miǎn + (can / will会huì) + verb phrase

A subject can come first, or a time or a situation can come first. The verb phrase names what is hard to avoid. If you use can / will会huì, it sits between hard to avoid难免nán miǎn and the verb phrase. can / will会huì is optional. 难免会nán miǎn huìnervous紧张jǐn zhāng (nánmiǎn huì jǐnzhāng) and hard to avoid难免nán miǎnnervous紧张jǐn zhāng (nánmiǎn jǐnzhāng) are both natural.

例文lì wén

刚换gāng huàn(completed / change)了le一份yī fènto work工作gōng zuò，难免会nán miǎn huìvariant of 叫叫jiàomistake错cuòcolleague同事tóng shì(modifier / structural particle)的dename (of a person or thing)名字míng zì。

Gāng huàn le yí fèn gōngzuò, nánmiǎn huì jiàocuò tóngshì de míngzi. When you have just changed jobs, you are bound to get a colleague's name wrong.

I / me我wǒyounger brother弟弟dì dithe first time第一次dì yī cì一个yí gèperson人rénto sit坐zuò夜车yè chē，hard to avoid难免nán miǎna little有点yǒu diǎnnervous紧张jǐn zhāng。

Wǒ dìdi dì-yī cì yí gè rén zuò yèchē, nánmiǎn yǒudiǎn jǐnzhāng. The first time my younger brother takes a night bus alone, he is bound to feel a little nervous.

Japanese variant of 对対duìthan / compared to比bǐ

hard to avoid难免nán miǎn presents a result that is hard to escape, and the tone is forgiving. to have to必须bì xū presents a duty.

刚上gāng shàngnight shift夜班yè bān，难免会nán miǎn huì(coll.) to get sleepy犯困fàn kùn。

Gāng shàng yèbān, nánmiǎn huì fànkùn. When you have just started night shifts, you are bound to feel sleepy.

(bound form) up上shàngnight shift夜班yè bānto have to必须bì xūto keep保持bǎo chíclear-headed清醒qīng xǐng。

Shàng yèbān bìxū bǎochí qīngxǐng. On a night shift you must stay awake.

Sleepiness is treated as natural. Staying awake is a duty. Most hard to avoid难免nán miǎn sentences name an unwanted result that people can understand. A positive result is less typical, and the pattern still allows it.

to receive受shòu + verb

verb動詞dòng cíのfront前qiánにある「to receive受shòu」は「to receive受shòuけto take取qǔる」「(passive: by)被bèiる」「そのようにto collect扱xīわれる」というmeaning意味yì wèiです。これは「(passive: by)被bèi」とsee 胡同同tóngじJapanese variant of 广広guǎngいlanguage branch語族yǔ zúにto join together属shǔする受動態shòu dòng tàiです。outer appearance形式xíng shì(modifier / structural particle)的deなarticle文章wén zhāngではfrequently頻繁pín fánにto make使shǐわれ、day-to-day日常rì cháng会話huì huàではparents-in-law of one's…親qīnしいto show表現biǎo xiànがto use / with用yòngいられます。verb動詞dòng cíはregular通常tōng cháng2syllable音節yīn jiéで、example例lìえば「to welcome欢迎huān yíng（old variant of 欢歓huānto welcome迎yíngする）」「to attach importance to sth重视zhòng shì（to attach importance to sth重視zhòng shìする）」「to pay attention to关注guān zhù（関心guān xīnをto hold持chíつ）」「influence影响yǐng xiǎng（influence影響yǐng xiǎngをand / with与yǔえる）」などがあります。このtrend傾向qīng xiàngはto force強qiángく、new新xīnしい2syllable音節yīn jiéのto form組zǔみvariant of 合合héわせもまだto be born生shēngまれています。「to receive (praise, an…受到shòu dào」はsame一般yì bān(modifier / structural particle)的deなよりchief長zhǎngいto appear形xíngです。これらをセットでto learn学xuéびましょう：popular受欢迎shòu huān yíng（しゅうへいげん）「person人rénJapanese variant of 气気qìがある」、to receive (praise, an…受到shòu dàoinfluence影响yǐng xiǎng（しょうたいえいげん）「influence影響yǐng xiǎngをto receive受shòuける」、to sustain injuries受伤shòu shāng（じょうしょう）「variant of 怪怪guàiI / me我wǒをする」、unbearable受不了shòu bù liǎo（しゅふりゃお）「(bound form) to bear耐nàiえられない」。unbearable受不了shòu bù liǎoは、who誰shuíかがwhat何héかを我慢wǒ mànできないことをwatch (timepiece)表biǎoすため、alone独自dú zìのJapanese variant of 单単dānposition位wèiとしてto collect扱xīわれます。

to appear形xíng

to receive受shòu + (person人rénまたはto gather集jíJapanese variant of 团団tuán) + verb動詞dòng cí

person人rénmaybe或huòto gather集jíJapanese variant of 团団tuánは「to receive受shòu」とverb動詞dòng cíのgap間jiānにto deploy配置pèi zhìできます。to write an account (of…記述jì shùlanguage文wénでは、「degree / adjective linker很hěn」が「to receive受shòu」のfront前qiánにto come来láiることがmany多duōいです。「(completed / change)了le」は(after a verb, indicates…出来chū láimatter事shìがto finish完wán(completed / change)了leしたことをto show示shìし、example例lìえば「受了伤shòu le shāng（けがをした）」のようにto make使shǐいます。chief長zhǎngいto appear形xíngにも「(completed / change)了le」をto take取qǔります：「to receive (praise, an…受到shòu dào(completed / change)了leinfluence影响yǐng xiǎng（influence影響yǐng xiǎngをto receive受shòuけた）」。

例文lì wén

this这个zhè gehousing estate小区xiǎo qū(modifier / structural particle)的denew新xīnto stipulate规定guī dìng很受hěn shòuresident居民jū mínto pay attention to关注guān zhù。

Zhège xiǎoqū de xīn guīdìng hěn shòu jūmín guānzhù. このコミュニティのnew新xīnしいrule規則guī zéは、住民zhù mínからattention注目zhù mùをto gather集jíめています。

weekend周末zhōu mòto climb a mountain登山dēng shān(modifier / structural particle)的detime时候shí hòu，he / him他tā(modifier / structural particle)的deknee膝盖xī gài受了伤shòu le shāng。

Zhōumò dēngshān de shíhou, tā de xīgài shòu le shāng. weekend週末zhōu mòto climb a mountain登山dēng shānto hit (the mark)中zhōng、that彼bǐはknee膝xīをto be wounded負傷fù shāngしました。

Japanese variant of 对対duìthan / compared to比bǐ

「to attach importance to sth重视zhòng shì」をto make使shǐうsituation場合chǎng hé、ものをJapanese variant of 价価sìvariant of 值値zhíあるとto check考kǎoえるmain part主体zhǔ tǐはsubject (in grammar)主語zhǔ yǔになります。「to receive受shòuto attach importance to sth重视zhòng shì」をto make使shǐうsituation場合chǎng hé、そのJapanese variant of 价価sìvariant of 值値zhíをto receive受shòuけto take取qǔるJapanese variant of 对対duìelephant象xiàngがsubject (in grammar)主語zhǔ yǔになります。

colleague同事tóng shì(plural)们mento attach importance to sth重视zhòng shìsmall小xiǎoweek周zhōu(modifier / structural particle)的deto inform报告bào gào。

Tóngshìmen zhòngshì Xiǎo Zhōu de bàogào. colleague同僚tóng liáoたちはsmall小xiǎoweek周zhōuのto inform報告bào gàobook書shūをsincere真摯zhēn zhìにto take取qǔりto collect扱xīっています。

small小xiǎoweek周zhōu(modifier / structural particle)的deto inform报告bào gào很受hěn shòucolleague同事tóng shìto attach importance to sth重视zhòng shì。

Xiǎo Zhōu de bàogào hěn shòu tóngshì zhòngshì. small小xiǎoweek周zhōuのto inform報告bào gàobook書shūはcolleague同僚tóng liáoたちからhigh高gāoくto discuss評píngJapanese variant of 价価sìされています。

person人物rén wùとto inform報告bào gàobook書shūはsee 胡同同tóngじままです。このパターンは、movement動作dòng zuòをOK / to walk行xíngう(after a verb or adjective)…者zhěとそれをto receive受shòuける(after a verb or adjective)…者zhěをto exchange交換jiāo huànしています。

to practice練習liàn xí

1. チェンさんは recently family livelihood家計jiā jìa book簿bùをつけto begin始shǐめた。party一行yī xíngto leak漏lòuれはunhappy不快bù kuàiだが、nature自然zì ránなことでもある。どのlanguage文wénがapt適切shì qièか？ A. just now刚gāngto start开始kāi shǐto keep accounts记账jì zhàng，难免会nán miǎn huìto miss漏掉lòu diào一笔yī bǐaccount账zhàng。 B. just now刚gāngto start开始kāi shǐto keep accounts记账jì zhàng，to have to必须bì xūto miss漏掉lòu diào一笔yī bǐaccount账zhàng。 C. just now刚gāngto start开始kāi shǐto keep accounts记账jì zhàng，to receive受shòuto miss漏掉lòu diào一笔yī bǐaccount账zhàng。

2. (literary) to rain雨yǔのsun日rì、(bound form) self自zìJapanese variant of 转転zhuǎnwar chariot (archaic)車chēcommuting通勤tōng qín(after a verb or adjective)…者zhěはcertainly必bìず(literary) frequently数shùvariant of 回回huíJapanese variant of 迟遅chíquarter (hour)刻kèします。これをwatch (timepiece)表biǎoすlanguage文wénはどれですか？ A. 下雨天xià yǔ tiānto ride a bike (motorbike…骑车qí chēto go to work上班shàng bān，难免会nán miǎn huìto arrive late迟到chí dàoseveral times几次jǐ cì。 B. 下雨天xià yǔ tiānto ride a bike (motorbike…骑车qí chēto go to work上班shàng bān，to arrive late迟到chí dàoseveral times几次jǐ cì难免会nán miǎn huì。 C. 下雨天xià yǔ tiānto ride a bike (motorbike…骑车qí chēto go to work上班shàng bān，can / will会huìhard to avoid难免nán miǎnto arrive late迟到chí dàoseveral times几次jǐ cì。

3. one / a一yīつのlanguage文wénをto do作zuòってください。すべてのfragment断片duàn piànを1to estimate度dùずつto make使shǐってください。エアコンがjust now刚gāng turned onstraight直zhíback後hòuにyoung少shǎoしcold寒hánさをto feel感gǎnじることはto avoid避bìけられません。 fragment断片duàn piàn: can / will会huìto feel / think觉得jué de / just now刚gāngto open打开dǎ kāiair conditioning空调kōng tiáo / a little有点yǒu diǎncold冷lěng / hard to avoid难免nán miǎn

4. municipal市立shì lìnatural science博物bó wùbuilding館guǎnの(adverb -ly)地deJapanese variant of 图図túはforeigner外国人wài guó rénJapanese variant of 观観guānlight光guāngcustomer客kèにperson人rénJapanese variant of 气気qìがあります。これをwatch (timepiece)表biǎoすlanguage文wénはどれですか？ A. market市shìmuseum博物馆bó wù guǎn(modifier / structural particle)的demap地图dì tú很受hěn shòu外国游客wài guó yóu kèto welcome欢迎huān yíng。 B. market市shìmuseum博物馆bó wù guǎn(modifier / structural particle)的demap地图dì túdegree / adjective linker很hěnpopular受欢迎shòu huān yíng外国游客wài guó yóu kè。 C. 外国游客wài guó yóu kèdegree / adjective linker很hěn受市shòu shìmuseum博物馆bó wù guǎn(modifier / structural particle)的demap地图dì túto welcome欢迎huān yíng。

5. one / a一yīつのlanguage文wénをto do作zuòってください。すべてのfragment断片duàn piànを1to estimate度dùずつto make使shǐってください。parents-in-law of one's…親qīnはこのshort短duǎnい動画dòng huàをto attach importance to sth重視zhòng shìしており、動画dòng huàがsubject (in grammar)主語zhǔ yǔとなります。 fragment断片duàn piàn: head of a household家长jiā zhǎng / this这zhèparagraph段duànshort短duǎnvideo视频shì pín / to attach importance to sth重视zhòng shì / 很受hěn shòu

6. China中国zhōng guóto tell to語yǔで2つのlanguage文wénをbook書shūいてください。 (1) ツアーガイドat first初chūsun日rì、small小xiǎoさなdetailed詳細xiáng xìを1つto forget忘wàngれることはto avoid避bìけられません。难免会nán miǎn huìをto keep in the mouth含hánめてください。at first初chūsun日rì、ツアーガイド、そして1つのdetailed詳細xiáng xìなinformation情報qíng bàoをto destroy残cánしてください。 (2) nighttime夜間yè jiānのChina中国zhōng guóto tell to語yǔクラスはオフィスワーカーにperson人rénJapanese variant of 气気qìがあります。verb動詞dòng cíのfront前qiánに「to receive受shòu」をto keep in the mouth含hánめてください。nighttime夜間yè jiānのChina中国zhōng guóto tell to語yǔクラスとオフィスワーカーをto destroy残cánしてください。

to solve (a problem)解答jiě dá

1. A. just now刚gāngto start开始kāi shǐto keep accounts记账jì zhàng，难免会nán miǎn huìto miss漏掉lòu diào一笔yī bǐaccount账zhàng。 Gāng kāishǐ jìzhàng, nánmiǎn huì lòudiào yì bǐ zhàng. family livelihood家計jiā jìa book簿bùをto pay付fùけたばかりなので、party一行yī xíngto leak漏lòuれはto avoid避bìけられないoutcome結果jié guǒであるため、难免会nán miǎn huì がvariant of 合合héう。to have to必須bì xū would はto leak漏lòuれをduty義務yì wùとしてしまう。to receive受shòuto miss漏掉lòu diào does not form this meaning.

2. A. 下雨天xià yǔ tiānto ride a bike (motorbike…骑车qí chēto go to work上班shàng bān，难免会nán miǎn huìto arrive late迟到chí dàoseveral times几次jǐ cì。 (literary) to rain雨yǔのsun日rìにwar chariot (archaic)車chēでto go to work出勤chū qínすると、Japanese variant of 迟遅chíquarter (hour)刻kèしてしまうことがto avoid避bìけられない。hard to avoid难免nán miǎn sits directly before can / will会huì, and the verb phrase follows. B leaves can / will会huì with no verb after it. C places can / will会huì before hard to avoid难免nán miǎn.

3. just now刚gāngto open打开dǎ kāiair conditioning空调kōng tiáo，难免会nán miǎn huìto feel / think觉得jué dea little有点yǒu diǎncold冷lěng。 エアコンをjust now刚gāngにto open (transitive or…開kāiけると、难免会nán miǎn huìto feel / think觉得jué dea little有点yǒu diǎncold冷lěng。The situation comes first. 难免会nán miǎn huì then introduces the feeling that is hard to avoid. The same sentence without the comma is also fine.

4. A. market市shìmuseum博物馆bó wù guǎn(modifier / structural particle)的demap地图dì tú很受hěn shòu外国游客wài guó yóu kèto welcome欢迎huān yíng。 natural science博物bó wùbuilding館guǎnの(adverb -ly)地deJapanese variant of 图図túはforeign (country)外国wài guóのJapanese variant of 观観guānlight光guāngcustomer客kèにdegree / adjective linker很hěnpopular受欢迎shòu huān yíng。The map receives the welcome, and 外国游客wài guó yóu kè sits between to receive受shòu and to welcome欢迎huān yíng. B places the visitors after the verb. C makes the visitors the people who are welcomed.

5. this这zhèparagraph段duànshort短duǎnvideo视频shì pín很受hěn shòuhead of a household家长jiā zhǎngto attach importance to sth重视zhòng shì。 このshort短duǎnい動画dòng huàはhead of a household家长jiā zhǎngに很受hěn shòuto attach importance to sth重视zhòng shì。The video stays the subject. head of a household家长jiā zhǎng sits between 很受hěn shòu and to attach importance to sth重视zhòng shì, so the parents are the people who value it.

6. (1) 第一天dì yī tiānat or in the very same...当dāngtour guide导游dǎo yóu，难免会nán miǎn huìto forget忘记wàng jì一个yí gèsmall小xiǎodetails细节xì jié。 ガイドfirst最初zuì chūのsun日rìは、难免会nán miǎn huìto forget忘记wàng jì一个yí gèsmall小xiǎodetails细节xì jié。难免会nán miǎn huì introduces the detail that is easy to forget. Also acceptable: at or in the very same...当dāngtour guide导游dǎo yóu(modifier / structural particle)的de第一天dì yī tiān，难免会nán miǎn huìto forget忘掉wàng diào一个yí gèsmall小xiǎodetails细节xì jié。Dāng dǎoyóu de dì-yī tiān, nánmiǎn huì wàngdiào yí gè xiǎo xìjié. A subject such as I / me我wǒ may come first. (2) evening晚上wǎn shàng(modifier / structural particle)的deChinese language中文zhōng wénsubject课kèdegree / adjective linker很hěnto receive受shòuoffice workers (as social…上班族shàng bān zúto welcome欢迎huān yíng。 night夜yèのChina中国zhōng guóto tell to語yǔクラスはoffice workers (as social…上班族shàng bān zúにdegree / adjective linker很hěnpopular受欢迎shòu huān yíng。The class receives the welcome, and office workers (as social…上班族shàng bān zú sits between to receive受shòu and to welcome欢迎huān yíng. Also acceptable: evening晚上wǎn shàng(modifier / structural particle)的deChinese language中文zhōng wénsubject课kèdegree / adjective linker很hěnto receive受shòuoffice workers (as social…上班族shàng bān zú(modifier / structural particle)的deto welcome欢迎huān yíng。Wǎnshang de Zhōngwén kè hěn shòu shàngbānzú de huānyíng. to receive (praise, an…受到shòu dàooffice workers (as social…上班族shàng bān zúto welcome欢迎huān yíng (shòudào shàngbānzú huānyíng) keeps the same meaning with the longer form.