התנגדות מכיוונים מרובים
הוצגAnti-war protest was new in scale
- Although anti-communist foreign policy faced little domestic opposition in previous years, the Vietnam War inspired sizable and passionate anti-war protests that became more numerous as the war escalated and sometimes led to violence.
- Little domestic opposition in previous years is the comparison that makes the point — the policy was old, the protest was not.
- Became more numerous as the war escalated gives a mechanism: opposition grew with the war's demands.
מה שהפך את ההפגנות בתקופת וייטנאם למיוחד היה שמועצה אנטי-קומוניסטית קודמת...
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המועצה הייתה ישנה; ההפגנות לא היו.
Criticism from the left
- Some groups on the left also rejected liberal policies, arguing that political leaders did too little to transform the racial and economic status quo at home and pursued immoral policies abroad.
- Two charges: too little at home and immoral policies abroad — and both attack 8.9's two-part definition of liberalism.
- So liberalism at its height was criticised from the left as well as, in 8.14, from the right.
בחרו שתי האישומים שהשמאל הפנה כלפי מדיניות ליברלית.
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שניהם תוקפים את ההגדרה דו-חלקית של ליברליזם ב-8.9.
The counterculture's three effects
- Young people who participated in the counterculture of the 1960s rejected many of the social, economic, and political values of their parents' generation, introduced greater informality into U.S. culture, and advocated changes in sexual norms.
- Three effects, and introduced greater informality into U.S. culture is a lasting change of manners, not only of opinion.
- 8.5's challenges to conformity by... rebellious youth is the earlier stage of the same development.
אנטי-מלחמה, השמאל או התרבות הנגד-תרבותית?
סדר אלמנט אחד מול-1960s.
בחרו את כל שלושת ההשפעות של התרבות הנגד-תרבותית שה-CED מונה.
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השני הוא שינוי מתמשך במנהגים.
Three oppositions, three different targets. Anti-war protest opposed a foreign policy, the left opposed liberal policies for doing too little at home and pursuing immoral policies abroad, and the counterculture opposed inherited values — they overlap in people, not in target.
התאם כל התנגדות למטרה שלה.
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הן חופפות באנשים, אך לא במטרות.
Three oppositions, three targets
- Anti-war protest opposed a foreign policy; the left opposed liberal policy; the counterculture opposed inherited values.
- They overlap in people and in period, but they are not the same movement and the CED lists them separately.
- Naming which target each opposed is what turns "the sixties" into an analysis.
השינוי בהתנגדות לאורך המאה הוא שחלק ממנה עכשיו...
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התנגדות קודמת שאפה להשתתפות.
Opposition over the century
- The objective is how and why opposition to existing policies and values developed and changed over the course of the 20th century.
- Developed: from 7.4's Progressive reform through 8.11's rights movements to these three oppositions.
- Changed: earlier opposition sought inclusion in existing arrangements; some of this opposition rejected the arrangements themselves.
Three people at the same march can be objecting to a war, to a party's timidity and to their parents' idea of a haircut. Counting them as one movement makes the decade unintelligible.
Although anti-communist foreign policy faced little domestic opposition in previous years, the Vietnam War inspired sizable and passionate anti-war protests that became more numerous as the war escalated and sometimes led to violence. Some groups on the left also rejected liberal policies, arguing that political leaders did too little to transform the racial and economic status quo at home and pursued immoral policies abroad. Young people who participated in the counterculture... rejected many of the social, economic, and political values of their parents' generation, introduced greater informality into U.S. culture, and advocated changes in sexual norms.