What a business is · Qué es una empresa
| English | Español |
|---|---|
| business/ˈbɪznəs/ | negocio |
| factors of production/ˈfæktəz ɒv prəˈdʌkʃn/ | factores de producción |
| primary sector/ˈpraɪməri ˈsektə/ | sector primario |
| secondary sector/ˈsekəndəri ˈsektə/ | sector secundario |
| tertiary sector/ˈtɜːʃjəri ˈsektə/ | sector terciario |
| sole trader/səʊl ˈtreɪdə/ | comerciante individual |
| unlimited liability/ʌnˈlɪmɪtɪd ˌlaɪəˈbɪlɪti/ | responsabilidad ilimitada |
| partnership/ˈpɑːtnəʃɪp/ | sociedad |
| limited company/ˈlɪmɪtɪd ˈkʌmpəni/ | sociedad de responsabilidad limitada |
| stakeholders/ˈsteɪkhəʊldəz/ | partes interesadas |
A business is an answer to somebody's problem
- A business · negocio 企业 combines resources to produce goods or services that people will pay for.
- If nobody would pay, it is a hobby. The willingness to pay is what makes it a business.
- Factors of production · Factores de producción 生产要素 are what it combines: land, labour, capital and enterprise.
A hobby can make you happy; the rent still prefers cash.
Which are factors of production? Choose all that apply. · ¿Cuáles son factores de producción? Elige todas las que correspondan.
Profit is a result of combining them, not one of the inputs. Enterprise is the fourth. · El beneficio es un resultado de combinarlos, no uno de los insumos. La empresa es el cuarto.
The three sectors
- The · El primary sector 第一产业 extracts: farming, fishing, mining.
- The · El secondary sector 第二产业 manufactures: turning materials into products.
- The · El tertiary sector 第三产业 provides services, and it is where most people in a developed economy work.
- The mix shifts as an economy develops, which is why the sectors are a measure and not just a list.
Match each activity to its sector. · Asocia cada actividad con su sector.
The mix shifts as an economy develops, which makes the sectors a measure rather than a list. · La mezcla cambia a medida que se desarrolla una economía, lo que convierte a los sectores en una medida más que en una lista.
Ownership decides who loses
- A sole trader 个体经营 owns everything and has unlimited liability 无限责任: business debts reach personal assets.
- A partnership 合伙企业 shares both.
- A limited company 有限公司 separates the owners' money from the firm's, so a failure costs the investment and no more.
- That separation is the reason limited companies exist, and it is what makes raising money possible.
A sole trader's business fails owing money. What can creditors reach? · Una empresa de un solo propietario falla y debe dinero. ¿A qué pueden acceder los acreedores?
This is the most consequential difference between business forms, and why limited companies exist. · Esta es la diferencia más importante entre las formas jurídicas, y por qué existen las sociedades limitadas.
Stakeholders
- Stakeholders 利益相关者 are everyone affected: owners, employees, customers, suppliers, the community.
- Their interests genuinely conflict, and a decision that pleases all of them is usually a decision that changes nothing.
A café raises wages by 15%.
Employees gain. The owner's profit falls. Customers may face higher prices. Suppliers are unaffected.
A stakeholder question is marked on naming who and saying how much it matters to them — not on listing everyone you can remember. Four named stakeholders with an effect each beats eight names with none.
How is a stakeholder question marked? · ¿Cómo se califica una pregunta sobre partes interesadas?
Four named stakeholders with an effect each beats eight names with none. · Cuatro partes interesadas nombradas con un efecto cada una superan a ocho nombres sin ningún efecto.
A shop opens on Sundays. Name one stakeholder and the effect on them. · Se abre una tienda los domingos. Nombra una parte interesada y el efecto sobre ella.
Example: "Staff lose a guaranteed day off, which may raise wage costs if Sunday hours are paid at a premium." · Ejemplo: "El personal pierde un día libre garantizado, lo que puede aumentar los costes salariales si las horas del domingo se pagan con prima."
Unlimited liability is the single most consequential difference between business forms. A sole trader whose business fails can lose a house; a shareholder in a limited company loses only what they put in.
Do not treat "the community" as a stakeholder without saying how it is affected. Naming a stakeholder is worth nothing on its own; the mark is for the effect, and a vague gesture at society reads as padding.