Alkanes · 烷烃
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| saturated/ˈsætʃəreɪtɪd/ | 饱和 | bǎo hé |
| alkanes/ˈælkeɪnz/ | 烷烃 | wán tīng |
| single bonds/ˈsɪŋɡl bɒndz/ | 单键 | dān jiàn |
| substitution/ˌsʌbstɪˈtjuːʃn/ | 取代 | qǔ dài |
The saturated 饱和 hydrocarbons
- The simplest family of organic compounds is the alkanes 烷烃 — the main components of fuels.
- They are saturated: every carbon bond is single.
饱和的碳氢化合物
- 最简单的一族有机化合物是烷烃(alkanes)——燃料的主要成分。
- 它们是饱和的(saturated):每个碳键都是单键。
Alkanes are described as saturated because they have: · 烷烃被描述为饱和的,因为它们有:
Saturated = all single bonds. · 饱和 = 全是单键。
The general formula of the alkanes is: · 烷烃的通式是:
Alkanes follow CₙH₂ₙ₊₂. · 烷烃遵循 CₙH₂ₙ₊₂。
The simplest alkane is: · 最简单的烷烃是:
Methane has one carbon. · 甲烷有一个碳。
The alkane family
- Alkanes have the general formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂.
- Examples: methane (CH₄), ethane (C₂H₆), propane (C₃H₈), butane (C₄H₁₀).
The first three alkanes; each member of the series adds a CH2 unit
烷烃族
- 烷烃有通式 CₙH₂ₙ₊₂。
- 例子:甲烷(CH₄)、乙烷(C₂H₆)、丙烷(C₃H₈)、丁烷(C₄H₁₀)。
前三个烷烃;系列的每个成员增加一个 CH2 单元
Burning an alkane · 燃烧一个烷烃
Step through combustion. With plenty of oxygen an alkane burns cleanly; starve it of oxygen and you get toxic carbon monoxide and soot instead. · 逐步看燃烧。用充足的氧,一个烷烃干净地燃烧;让它缺氧,你反而得到有毒的一氧化碳和烟灰。
Because they have only single bonds, alkanes are relatively . · 因为它们只有单键,烷烃相对。
No spare bonds for addition reactions. · 没有多余的键用于加成反应。
Saturated bonds
- "Saturated" means all the carbon–carbon bonds are single bonds 单键.
- There are no spare bonds, so alkanes are relatively unreactive.
饱和的键
- "饱和"意味着所有的碳—碳键都是单键。
- 没有多余的键,所以烷烃相对不活泼。
Alkanes burn well, which is why they are used as fuels. · 烷烃燃烧得好,这就是为什么它们被用作燃料。
Combustion releases lots of energy. · 燃烧释放大量能量。
Reactions of alkanes
- Alkanes burn well (combustion), which is why they are used as fuels.
- They are otherwise unreactive but can react with halogens in sunlight (substitution 取代).
Saturated means single bonds only. Alkanes have no double bonds, so nothing can simply "add" to them. This makes them much less reactive than the alkenes.
烷烃的反应
- 烷烃燃烧得好(燃烧),这就是为什么它们被用作燃料。
- 它们在其他方面不活泼,但能在阳光下与卤素反应(取代)。
饱和意味着只有单键。 烷烃没有双键,所以没有东西能简单地"加"到它们上。这使它们比烯烃不活泼得多。
You've got it
- alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons (all single bonds), formula CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
- examples: methane, ethane, propane, butane
- they burn as fuels but are otherwise fairly unreactive
你掌握了
- 烷烃是饱和的碳氢化合物(全是单键),式为 CₙH₂ₙ₊₂
- 例子:甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、丁烷
- 它们作为燃料燃烧,但在其他方面相当不活泼