Gases, pressure and volume · 气体、压强与体积
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| pressure/ˈpreʃə/ | 压强 | yā qiáng |
| volume/ˈvɒljuːm/ | 体积 | tǐ jī |
| Boyle's law/bɔɪlz lɔː/ | 玻意耳定律 | bō yì ěr dìng lǜ |
Squeezing a gas
- Push a bicycle pump with your finger over the end and you can feel the gas push back harder as you squeeze.
- For a fixed amount of gas at constant temperature, pressure 压强 and volume 体积 are linked.
挤压一种气体
- 用你的手指堵住末端推一个自行车打气筒,当你挤压时你能感觉到气体更用力地推回来。
- 对一个固定量的气体在恒定温度下,压强和体积是联系的。
Gas pressure is caused by particles: · 气体压强由粒子以下造成:
Collisions with the walls create pressure. · 与壁的碰撞产生压强。
Pressure from particles
- Gas pressure comes from particles colliding with the container walls.
- More frequent or harder collisions mean higher pressure.
A heated gas: faster particles spread out and take up more space
来自粒子的压强
- 气体压强来自粒子与容器壁碰撞。
- 更频繁或更猛的碰撞意味着更高的压强。
Gases, pressure & volume · 气体、压强与体积
p = k / V
Squeeze the volume · 体积 and the pressure · 压力 rises (Boyle's law). · 挤压体积,压强上升(玻意耳定律)。
At constant temperature, if the volume of a gas decreases, the pressure: · 在恒定温度下,如果一种气体的体积减小,压强:
Smaller volume → more frequent collisions → higher pressure. · 更小的体积 → 更频繁的碰撞 → 更高的压强。
At constant temperature, pressure × volume stays constant for a fixed mass of gas. · 在恒定温度下,对一个固定质量的气体,压强 × 体积保持恒定。
This is Boyle's law. · 这是玻意耳定律。
Pressure and volume
- Squeeze a gas into a smaller volume and the particles hit the walls more often → higher pressure.
- Pressure × volume = constant (at fixed temperature) — this is Boyle's law 玻意耳定律.
As volume decreases, pressure increases — their product stays constant.
压强和体积
- 把一种气体挤压进一个更小的体积,粒子更频繁地撞击壁 → 更高的压强。
- 压强 × 体积 = 恒定(在固定温度下)——这是玻意耳定律(Boyle's law)。
随着体积减小,压强增加——它们的乘积保持恒定。
A gas at pressure 200 and volume 4 is compressed to volume 2. What is the new pressure? · 一种压强 200、体积 4 的气体被压缩到体积 2。新的压强是多少?
200 × 4 = p × 2, so p = 800 ÷ 2 = 400. · 200 × 4 = p × 2,所以 p = 800 ÷ 2 = 400。
If you halve the volume of a gas at constant temperature, the pressure will . · 如果你在恒定温度下把一种气体的体积减半,压强将。
Pressure and volume are inversely related. · 压强和体积成反比关系。
Using the relationship
- If you halve the volume, the pressure doubles.
- So p₁V₁ = p₂V₂ lets you find a new pressure or volume.
Worked example. A gas at pressure 100 in a volume of 6 is squeezed to a volume of 2. Since pV is constant: 100 × 6 = p × 2, so p = 600 ÷ 2 = 300. Third the volume, triple the pressure.
使用这个关系
- 如果你把体积减半,压强加倍。
- 所以 p₁V₁ = p₂V₂ 让你找出一个新的压强或体积。
例题。 一种气体在压强 100、体积 6 中被挤压到体积 2。由于 pV 是恒定的:100 × 6 = p × 2,所以 p = 600 ÷ 2 = 300。体积的三分之一,压强的三倍。
You've got it
- gas pressure comes from particles colliding with the walls
- pressure × volume = constant at fixed temperature (Boyle's law)
- halve the volume → double the pressure (p₁V₁ = p₂V₂)
你掌握了
- 气体压强来自粒子与壁碰撞
- 压强 × 体积 = 恒定,在固定温度下(玻意耳定律)
- 体积减半 → 压强加倍(p₁V₁ = p₂V₂)