Business activity · 商业活动
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| wants/wɒnts/ | 欲望 | yù wàng |
| resources/rɪˈzɔːsɪz/ | 资源 | zī yuán |
| goods/ɡʊdz/ | 商品 | shāng pǐn |
| services/ˈsɜːvɪsɪz/ | 服务 | fú wù |
| scarcity/ˈskeəsɪti/ | 稀缺 | xī quē |
| opportunity cost/ɒpəˈtjuːnɪti kɒst/ | 机会成本 | jī huì chéng běn |
| value added/ˈvæljuː ˈædɪd/ | 附加值 | fù jiā zhí |
Why businesses exist
- People have endless wants 欲望 but the world has limited resources 资源. We can't have everything.
- Businesses exist to turn scarce resources into the goods 商品 and services 服务 people want — adding value along the way.
为什么企业存在
- 人们有无尽的需求(wants),但世界有有限的资源(resources)。我们不能拥有一切。
- 企业存在是为了把稀缺的资源变成人们想要的商品和服务——一路上增加价值(adding value)。
The economic problem of scarcity arises because: · 稀缺这个经济问题产生是因为:
Scarcity means limited resources cannot meet unlimited wants. · 稀缺意味着有限的资源无法满足无限的需求。
Opportunity cost is: · 机会成本是:
It is the single next-best alternative sacrificed. · 它是被牺牲的那一个次优替代品。
Scarcity 稀缺 and opportunity cost 机会成本
- Scarcity: wants are unlimited but resources are limited, so we must choose.
- Opportunity cost is the next best alternative given up when you choose.
Shops competing on a high street: businesses make goods and services to meet wants
稀缺与机会成本
- 稀缺(scarcity):需求是无限的但资源是有限的,所以我们必须选择。
- 机会成本(opportunity cost)是当你选择时放弃的次优替代品。
在一条商业街上竞争的商店:企业制造商品和服务以满足需求
Value added lab · 增值实验室
Change the bought-in cost, the selling price and other costs to see how business activity creates value added. · 改变买入成本、售价和其他成本，看看商业活动如何创造增值。
A business buys materials for 18 and sells the finished product for 50. What is the value added? · 一个企业以 18 买入材料并以 50 出售成品。增值是多少?
Value added = 50 − 18 = 32. · 增值 = 50 − 18 = 32。
Adding value means the selling price is higher than the cost of bought-in materials. · 增加价值意味着售价高于买入材料的成本。
Value added is that difference. · 增值就是那个差额。
Selling price minus the cost of bought-in materials is value . · 售价减去买入材料的成本是价值。
Value added helps cover other costs and profit. · 增值帮助覆盖其他成本和利润。
Adding value
- Value added 附加值 = the selling price minus the cost of the bought-in materials.
- Adding value lets a business charge more than its inputs cost — covering wages, rent and profit.
A business takes inputs and turns them into something worth more — the value added.
增加价值
- 增值(value added)= 售价减去买入材料的成本。
- 增加价值让一个企业能收取比它的投入成本更多的费用——覆盖工资、租金和利润。
一个企业取得投入并把它们变成更有价值的东西——增加的价值。
What businesses provide
- Goods (physical products) and services (things done for you).
- They also create jobs and incomes and meet customers' needs.
Adding value isn't the same as making profit. Value added must still cover wages, rent and other costs. Only what's left after all costs is profit.
Business activity runs from the primary to the tertiary sector
企业提供什么
- 商品(goods,实物产品)和服务(services,为你做的事情)。
- 它们也创造工作和收入,并满足顾客的需要。
增加价值与赚取利润不同。 增值仍必须覆盖工资、租金和其他成本。只有在所有成本之后剩下的才是利润。
商业活动从第一产业延伸到第三产业
You've got it
- scarcity forces choice; every choice has an opportunity cost
- value added = selling price − cost of bought-in materials
- businesses provide goods and services, jobs and incomes
你掌握了
- 稀缺强制选择;每个选择都有一个机会成本
- 增值 = 售价 − 买入材料的成本
- 企业提供商品和服务、工作和收入