Pathogens and defences · 病原体与防御机制
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| pathogens/ˈpæθədʒnz/ | 病原体 | bìng yuán tǐ |
| infectious/ɪnˈfekʃəs/ | 传染性的 | chuán rǎn xìng de |
| vectors/ˈvektəz/ | 传播媒介 | chuán bō méi jiè |
| mucus/ˈmjuːkəs/ | 黏液 | nián yè |
| cilia/ˈsɪlɪə/ | 纤毛 | xiān máo |
The enemy at the gates
- The world is full of microbes that can make you ill. Your body is under constant attack.
- Disease-causing microbes are pathogens 病原体 — and your body has defences against them.
门口的敌人
- 世界充满了能让你生病的微生物。你的身体处于持续的攻击之下。
- 引起疾病的微生物是病原体(pathogens)——你的身体有对抗它们的防御。
Pathogen defence route · 病原体防御路径
Follow how the body blocks, detects and removes pathogens. · 了解身体如何阻挡、检测和清除病原体。
A pathogen is: · 病原体是：
Pathogens are disease-causing microbes. · 病原体是致病的微生物。
Which can be pathogens? (Select all that apply.) · 哪些可以是病原体？（多选）
Bacteria, viruses, fungi and protoctists can cause disease; red blood cells cannot. · 细菌、病毒、真菌和原生生物可以致病；红细胞不能。
Types of pathogen
- Bacteria, viruses, fungi and protoctists can all cause disease.
- A disease that spreads from person to person is infectious 传染性的 (communicable).
The body keeps pathogens out with several defences before white blood cells deal with the rest
An antibody has a shape complementary to one antigen, so it fits only that pathogen
病原体的类型
- 细菌(bacteria)、病毒(viruses)、真菌(fungi)和原生生物(protoctists)都能引起疾病。
- 一种从人传到人的疾病是传染性(infectious,可传播)的。
身体用几道防御把病原体挡在外面,然后白细胞处理其余的
一个抗体有一个与一个抗原互补的形状,所以它只适合那个病原体
A pathogen spread by coughs and sneezes travels through the: · 通过咳嗽和打喷嚏传播的病原体通过以下哪种途径传播：
Airborne droplets carry pathogens. · 空气飞沫携带病原体。
How pathogens spread
- Through the air (coughs, sneezes), water and food, contact, and animals/insects (vectors 传播媒介).
- Good hygiene, clean water and sanitation reduce spread.
A white blood cell (green) engulfing round bacteria (purple), a key body defence
病原体如何传播
- 通过空气(咳嗽、喷嚏)、水和食物、接触,以及动物/昆虫(媒介,vectors)。
- 良好的卫生、干净的水和卫生设施减少传播。
一个白细胞(绿色)吞噬圆形的细菌(紫色),一个关键的身体防御
Which is a physical barrier to pathogens? · 哪一项是阻挡病原体的物理屏障？
The skin physically blocks pathogens. · 皮肤在物理上阻挡了病原体。
Swallowed pathogens are killed by the ______ in the stomach. · 被吞咽的病原体被胃中的______杀死。
Stomach acid destroys many pathogens in food. · 胃酸会破坏食物中的许多病原体。
The body's barriers
- The skin is a physical barrier; the stomach acid kills swallowed pathogens.
- Mucus 黏液 and tiny hairs (cilia 纤毛) trap and remove pathogens in the airways.
Not all microbes are pathogens. Most bacteria are harmless or even helpful (like those in your gut). Only a small minority are pathogens that cause disease.
A mosquito can spread pathogens when it bites
身体的屏障
- 皮肤是一个物理屏障;胃酸杀死吞下的病原体。
- 黏液(mucus)和微小的毛(纤毛,cilia)在气道中捕获并移除病原体。
不是所有微生物都是病原体。 大多数细菌是无害的甚至有益的(像你肠道里的那些)。只有一小部分是引起疾病的病原体。
一只蚊子叮咬时能传播病原体
You've got it
- pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protoctists) cause infectious disease
- they spread by air, water, food, contact and vectors
- the body's first defences: skin, stomach acid, mucus and cilia
你掌握了
- 病原体(细菌、病毒、真菌、原生生物)引起传染病
- 它们通过空气、水、食物、接触和媒介传播
- 身体的第一道防御:皮肤、胃酸、黏液和纤毛