Counting systems · 计数系统
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| binary/ˈbaɪnəri/ | 二进制 | èr jìn zhì |
| number base/ˈnʌmbə beɪs/ | 进制 | jìn zhì |
| place value/pleɪs ˈvæljuː/ | 位值 | wèi zhí |
| hexadecimal/ˌheksəˈdesɪml/ | 十六进制 | shí liù jìn zhì |
The same digits can name different values
- The numeral 10 is two in binary and ten in decimal. State the base before calculating.
- A positional number base 进制 b uses digits from zero to b minus one and powers of b as place weights. Binary 二进制 has only 0 and 1.
相同的数字可以表示不同的数值
- 数码10在二进制中代表二,在十进制中代表十。计算前须注明进位基数。
- 位置制 进制 b 使用从0到b减1的数字,并以b的幂作为位权。二进制 仅包含0和1。
Multiply digits by their place weights
- Place value 位值 gives each digit its contribution. From right to left, binary weights are 1, 2, 4, 8 and so on.
- To convert a nonnegative value back, select its weights or use repeated division with remainders. Leading zeros preserve a chosen width without changing its unsigned value.
将各位数字乘以其位权
- 位值 决定每位数字的贡献。从右向左,二进制的位权依次为1、2、4、8等。
- 将非负值转换回原数时,可选择对应的位权或使用带余除法。前导零可保持指定的宽度而不改变其无符号数值。
The same value in three bases · 三种进制下的同一数值
Place value is the only idea; the base only changes what the places are. · 位值是核心概念;进制仅改变位值的含义。
Group four bits for a hexadecimal digit
- Hexadecimal 十六进制 uses sixteen digits: 0 to 9 then A to F. Each digit corresponds to four binary bits.
- Hexadecimal FF is decimal 255 and unsigned pattern 11111111. Its value depends on representation conventions; a signed eight-bit interpretation is a different task.
每四位二进制位对应一个十六进制位
- 十六进制 使用16个数码:0至9及A至F。每个十六进制位对应四位二进制位。
- 十六进制FF等于十进制255,对应无符号模式11111111。其具体数值取决于表示惯例;有符号八位解释则是另一项任务。
Convert binary 1101 to decimal. · 将二进制 1101 转换为十进制。
Places 8, 4, 2, 1 with digits 1, 1, 0, 1 gives 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 13. · 位权 8, 4, 2, 1 对应数字 1, 1, 0, 1,即 8 + 4 + 0 + 1 = 13。
Write decimal 10 in binary. · 将十进制 10 写成二进制。
8 and 2 are used, 4 and 1 are not. Writing the place values first makes this immediate. · 使用 8 和 2,不使用 4 和 1。先写位权可立即得出结果。
Read 1101 in binary. The weighted sum is $V=1(8)+1(4)+0(2)+1(1)=13$. Grouping those four bits gives hexadecimal D. Decimal 10 instead has binary pattern 1010.
将1101转换为二进制。 加权求和结果为 $V=1(8)+1(4)+0(2)+1(1)=13$。将这四位分组可得十六进制D。而十进制10对应的二进制模式是1010。
How many bits does one hexadecimal digit represent? · 一个十六进制位代表多少位二进制位?
Sixteen values need four bits, which is why hex is compact shorthand for binary. · 16个值需4位二进制,故十六进制是紧凑的二进制简写。
What is hexadecimal FF as an unsigned decimal value? · 十六进制 FF 作为无符号十进制值是多少?
15 × 16 + 15 = 255, also represented by unsigned eight-bit pattern 11111111. · 15 × 16 + 15 = 255,也可由无符号八位模式 11111111 表示。
Distinguish a mathematical sum from stored bits. Eight unsigned bits allow zero to 255. Adding 10 to 250 gives mathematical sum 260; an explicitly specified eight-bit wraparound rule stores 4. Sheet 4.2 asks you to state the overflow and the rule.
区分数学求和与存储的位模式。 八个无符号位可表示0到255。将10加到250上,数学和为260;若按明确的八位溢出规则存储,则结果为4。练习纸4.2要求你说明溢出情况并陈述所用规则。
Do not discard an extra carry silently. The question may request an unrestricted result, an overflow decision or a fixed-width stored pattern, and those are different answers.
不要默许丢弃额外的进位。题目可能要求无条件结果、溢出判定或固定宽度的存储模式,这三者是不同的答案。
Binary 10 has the value ten. · 二进制 10 的值是十进制十。
It is two. Read binary digit by digit — "one zero" — so you never treat it as decimal by accident. · 它是二。逐位读二进制 —— “一零” —— 避免误作十进制。