Budgeting and saving · 预算与储蓄
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| budget/ˈbʌdʒɪt/ | 预算 | yù suàn |
| income/ˈɪŋkʌm/ | 收入 | shōu rù |
| expenditure/ekˈspendɪtʃə/ | 支出 | zhī chū |
| savings goal/ˈseɪvɪŋz ɡəʊl/ | 储蓄目标 | chǔ xù mù biāo |
| fixed cost/fɪkst kɒst/ | 固定成本 | gù dìng chéng běn |
| variable cost/ˈveərɪəbl kɒst/ | 可变成本 | kě biàn chéng běn |
Give every dollar a job
- A budget 预算 is a plan for income, spending, and saving over a stated period.
- Income 收入 is money received; expenditure 支出 is money paid out. The difference is the amount available to save, repay, or spend later.
- A budget is most useful before money is spent, when it can change a choice.
A budget is a plan for money before money makes its own plans.
给每一元钱安排工作
- budget(预算)是在一段明确时间内对收入、支出和储蓄的计划。
- income(收入)是收到的钱;expenditure(支出)是付出的钱。两者差额可用于储蓄、还款或以后消费。
- 预算在花钱前最有用,因为那时它还能改变选择。
预算是趁钱还没自己做决定，先替它做好计划。
Save for a reason
- A savings goal 储蓄目标 names an amount, purpose, and date. It turns “save more” into a decision you can check.
- An emergency fund is money set aside for an unexpected cost, such as a repair or medical bill.
- Pay yourself first: move a planned amount into savings when income arrives, rather than hoping there is something left at the end.
为一个目的储蓄
- savings goal(储蓄目标)写明金额、目的和日期,把“多存钱”变成可以检查的决定。
- 应急基金是为意外成本留出的钱,例如维修或医疗账单。
- 先付给自己:收入到账时把计划金额转入储蓄,而不是希望月底有剩余。
Which is a savings goal? · 哪一项是储蓄目标?
It names an amount, purpose, and date. · 它写明金额、目的和日期。
Review the real pattern
- A fixed cost 固定成本 usually stays similar each month, such as rent or a subscription. A variable cost 可变成本 changes with use, such as food or transport.
- Tracking actual spending reveals where a budget was unrealistic. It is evidence, not a reason to feel guilty.
- A surplus can build savings; a deficit means spending is greater than income and needs a decision.
复查真实模式
- fixed cost(固定成本)通常每月相近,如房租或订阅;variable cost(可变成本)随使用而改变,如食物或交通。
- 记录实际支出能显示预算哪里不现实。这是证据,不是内疚的理由。
- 结余可以增加储蓄;赤字表示支出大于收入,需要作决定。
Match the cost to its usual type. · 把成本与通常类型配对。
One is fairly regular; the other changes with use. · 一个相对固定;另一个随使用而变化。
Mei receives 3,000 yuan each month. Her planned costs are 1,200 for food and transport, 300 for phone and subscriptions, and 500 for study materials. She transfers 400 yuan to an emergency fund on payday. Her remaining 600 yuan is available for flexible spending or an extra savings goal.
The plan works because every number has a category. “I will be careful” does not show where the money goes.
**美每月收到 3,000 元。**她计划食物和交通花 1,200 元,电话和订阅花 300 元,学习材料花 500 元。发薪日她转 400 元到应急基金。剩余 600 元可以用于弹性消费或额外储蓄。
这个计划有效,因为每个数字都有类别。“我会小心”并不能说明钱去了哪里。
Income is 3000 yuan and planned expenditure is 2000 yuan. What is the surplus in yuan? · 收入为 3000 元,计划支出为 2000 元。结余是多少元?
3000 − 2000 = 1000 yuan available for saving or later spending. · 3000−2000=1000 元,可用于储蓄或以后消费。
A deficit means expenditure is greater than income. · 赤字表示支出大于收入。
A deficit needs an action: reduce spending, increase income, or use planned savings. · 赤字需要行动:减少支出、增加收入或使用计划储蓄。
Write one English sentence explaining why a student should track actual spending. · 用一句英语说明学生为什么应记录实际支出。
Example: “Tracking spending shows whether my food budget was realistic and what I should change next month.” · 例如:“Tracking spending shows whether my food budget was realistic and what I should change next month.”
Income − expenditure = surplus or deficit. Write the calculation before giving advice. A budget answer needs a number and a reason.
**收入−支出=结余或赤字。**先写出计算,再给建议。预算答案需要数字和理由。
Do not put every expense in “other”. A category that is too broad cannot help you choose what to change next month.
不要把所有支出都放进“其他”。类别太宽,就不能帮助你决定下个月改变什么。