Health Psychology and Stress · 健康心理学与压力
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| Health psychology/helθ saɪˈkɒlədʒi/ | 健康心理学 | jiàn kāng xīn lǐ xué |
| Eustress/ˈjuːstrəs/ | 良性压力 | liáng xìng yā lì |
| distress/dɪˈstres/ | 消极压力 | xiāo jí yā lì |
| acute/əˈkjuːt/ | 急性 | jí xìng |
| chronic/ˈkrɒnɪk/ | 慢性 | màn xìng |
| General adaptation syndrome/ˈdʒenərəl ˌædæpˈteɪʃn ˈsɪndrəʊm/ | 一般适应综合征 | yì bān shì yìng zōng hé zhēng |
| Alarm/əˈlɑːm/ | 警觉期 | jǐng jué qī |
| resistance/rɪˈzɪstəns/ | 抵抗期 | dǐ kàng qī |
| exhaustion/eɡˈzɔːstʃn/ | 衰竭期 | shuāi jié qī |
| Problem-focused coping/ˈprɒbləm ˈfəʊkəst ˈkəʊpɪŋ/ | 问题聚焦应对 | wèn tí jù jiāo yìng duì |
| Emotion-focused coping/ɪˈməʊʃn ˈfəʊkəst ˈkəʊpɪŋ/ | 情绪聚焦应对 | qíng xù jù jiāo yìng duì |
| Tend-and-befriend theory/tend ænd bɪˈfrend ˈθɪəri/ | 照料-结盟理论 | zhào liào - jié méng lǐ lùn |
A psychological state with a physical bill
- Stress is felt in the mind and paid for in the body.
- It raises susceptibility to illness through measurable physiological routes.
- Health psychology 健康心理学 studies exactly that crossing point.
一种要用身体来结账的心理状态
- 压力在心里被感受到,却由身体来支付代价。
- 它通过可测量的生理途径提高患病的易感性。
- 健康心理学(health psychology)研究的正是这一交叉点。
Two kinds of stress
- Eustress 良性压力 is motivating; distress 消极压力 is debilitating.
- The same event can be either, depending on how it is appraised.
- Stressors can also be acute 急性 (short) or chronic 慢性 (sustained), and chronic stress does the greater physical damage.
两种压力
- 良性压力(eustress)具有激励作用;消极压力(distress)则令人衰弱。
- 同一事件可能成为其中任何一种,取决于它如何被评估。
- 压力源也可分为急性(acute,短暂)与慢性(chronic,持续),而慢性压力造成的身体损害更大。
Stress experienced as motivating rather than debilitating is called ____. · 被体验为激励而非衰弱的压力,称为 ____。
Eustress motivates; distress debilitates. The same event can be either. · 良性压力激励人;消极压力使人衰弱。同一事件可能成为其中任何一种。
Select all · 所有 that are true of chronic stress. · 选出关于慢性压力为真的所有项。
Chronic stress is the kind that reaches exhaustion; eustress is a separate distinction. · 慢性压力正是会进入衰竭阶段的那种;良性压力则是另一个维度的区分。
The general adaptation syndrome
- General adaptation syndrome 一般适应综合征 (GAS) describes stress in three stages.
- Alarm 警觉期 mobilises the body; resistance 抵抗期 sustains the response; exhaustion 衰竭期 arrives when resources run out.
- The damage happens in the third stage, which is why chronic stress is the dangerous kind.
一般适应综合征
- 一般适应综合征(general adaptation syndrome,GAS)把压力描述为三个阶段。
- 警觉期(alarm)调动身体;抵抗期(resistance)维持这一反应;衰竭期(exhaustion)在资源耗尽时到来。
- 损害发生在第三阶段,这正是慢性压力才是危险类型的原因。
Follow the stress response to its cost · 跟随应激反应直到它的代价
The damage is done by stage two, not stage one: a short alarm is adaptive, and prolonged resistance is not. · 损害发生在第二阶段而非第一阶段:短暂的警觉是有适应意义的,长期的抵抗不是。
Put the stages of the general adaptation syndrome in order. · 把一般适应综合征的各阶段排序。
Damage occurs at exhaustion, which is why chronic stress is the dangerous kind. · 损害发生在衰竭阶段,这正是慢性压力才危险的原因。
Neither coping style is "the right one". Problem-focused coping suits a stressor you can change; emotion-focused coping suits one you cannot. An answer that ranks them without naming the stressor's controllability has missed the criterion.
两种应对方式都不是"正确的那一种"。问题应对适合你能改变的压力源;情绪应对适合你无法改变的压力源。不点明压力源可控性就给两者排高下的答案,错失了判断标准。
Tend-and-befriend is an alternative to the fight-or-flight account of stress response. · 照料与结盟是压力反应中"战斗或逃跑"解释之外的另一种可能。
It describes responses that involve tending to needs and seeking social contact. · 它描述的是照料需要、寻求社会接触这一类反应。
Tend-and-befriend
- Tend-and-befriend theory 照料-结盟理论 proposes an alternative to fight-or-flight.
- Some people respond to stress by tending to their own and others' needs, and by seeking social contact.
- The CED includes it because fight-or-flight does not describe every stress response observed.
照料与结盟
- 照料-结盟理论(tend-and-befriend theory)提出了"战斗或逃跑"之外的另一种可能。
- 有些人应对压力的方式是照料自己与他人的需要,并寻求社会接触。
- CED 纳入它,是因为"战斗或逃跑"并不能描述所观察到的每一种压力反应。
Problem-focused coping is the better fit when the stressor is... · 当压力源……时,问题应对更为合适
A stressor you can change calls for solving it; one you cannot calls for managing the reaction. · 你能改变的压力源要靠解决它;你无法改变的则要靠管理反应。
Two ways to cope
- Problem-focused coping 问题聚焦应对 treats the stressor as a problem to be solved.
- Emotion-focused coping 情绪聚焦应对 manages the emotional reaction instead.
- Neither is better in general: problem-focused suits a controllable stressor, emotion-focused an uncontrollable one.
两种应对方式
- 问题聚焦应对(problem-focused coping)把压力源当作有待解决的问题。
- 情绪聚焦应对(emotion-focused coping)则转而管理情绪反应。
- 两者并无普遍的优劣:问题应对适合可控的压力源,情绪应对适合不可控的压力源。
Two students face the same exam. One makes a revision plan — problem-focused, and the stressor is controllable. The other, facing a family illness she cannot change, uses emotion-focused coping instead. Different stressors, different correct strategies.
两名学生面对同一场考试。一人制定复习计划——这是问题应对,而压力源是可控的。另一人面对自己无法改变的家人患病,转而采用情绪应对。压力源不同,正确的策略也不同。
Health psychology links stress to physical illness. Eustress motivates and distress debilitates; stressors are acute or chronic. GAS runs alarm → resistance → exhaustion, tend-and-befriend is an alternative to fight-or-flight, and coping is problem-focused or emotion-focused depending on controllability.
健康心理学把压力与身体疾病联系起来。良性压力激励人,消极压力使人衰弱;压力源分为急性与慢性。一般适应综合征依次经历警觉 → 抵抗 → 衰竭,照料与结盟是"战斗或逃跑"之外的另一种反应,而应对方式按可控性分为问题应对与情绪应对。