Definition, Measurement, and Functions of Money · 货币的定义、衡量与职能
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| medium of exchange/ˈmiːdɪəm ɒv eksˈtʃeɪndʒ/ | 交换媒介 | jiāo huàn méi jiè |
| barter/ˈbɑːtə/ | 以物易物 | yǐ wù yì wù |
| store of value/stɔː ɒv ˈvæljuː/ | 价值储藏 | jià zhí chǔ cáng |
| unit of account/ˈjuːnɪt ɒv əˈkaʊnt/ | 记账单位 | jì zhàng dān wèi |
| money supply/ˈmʌni səˈplaɪ/ | 货币供给 | huò bì gōng jǐ |
| commodity money/kəˈmɒdɪti ˈmʌni/ | 商品货币 | shāng pǐn huò bì |
| fiat money/ˈfiːət ˈmʌni/ | 法定货币 | fǎ dìng huò bì |
What makes money, money?
- Money is anything widely accepted in trade.
- A ten-dollar note, a coin, a bank balance — all do the job.
- But why do we accept them, and how do we count them?
- Money does three jobs, comes in layers, and takes two forms.
是什么让货币成为货币?
- 货币是任何在交易中被广泛接受的东西。
- 一张十元纸币、一枚硬币、一笔银行余额——都能胜任。
- 但我们为什么接受它们,又怎么统计它们?
- 货币做三件事,分成若干层,有两种形式。
The three functions of money
- Medium of exchange 交换媒介: it is accepted in payment, so we avoid clumsy barter 以物易物.
- Store of value 价值储藏: it holds its worth over time, so you can save it.
- Unit of account 记账单位: it is the common measuring stick for prices.
- One ten-dollar note can do all three at once.
货币的三种职能
- 交换媒介(medium of exchange):它被接受用于支付,所以我们避免笨拙的以物易物(barter)。
- 价值储藏(store of value):它随时间保值,所以你能储蓄它。
- 记账单位(unit of account):它是价格的共同量尺。
- 一张十元纸币能同时做这三件事。
Which function of money? · 货币的哪种职能?
Money is a medium of exchange (it pays), a store of value (it saves), and a unit of account (it prices). One object does all three. · 货币是交换媒介(用于支付)、价值储藏(用于储蓄)、记账单位(用于定价)。一样东西同时做这三件事。
Money used to pay for goods, avoiding barter, is acting as a: · 用于购买商品、避免以物易物的货币,充当的是:
Accepting money in payment is the medium-of-exchange function. · 接受货币用于支付,就是交换媒介职能。
Select all · 所有 three functions of money. · 选出货币的所有三种职能。
Money is a medium of exchange, a store of value and a unit of account. · 货币是交换媒介、价值储藏和记账单位。
Money you keep to spend next year is acting as a store of value. · 你留着明年花的货币,充当的是价值储藏。
Holding value over time is exactly the store-of-value function. · 随时间保值正是价值储藏职能。
Measuring the money supply
- The money supply 货币供给 is measured in layers by how liquid it is.
- M1 counts the most liquid money: cash and checking deposits.
- M2 counts M1 plus slightly less liquid savings, such as savings and small time deposits.
衡量货币供给
- 货币供给(money supply)按流动性分层衡量。
- M1 计入流动性最高的货币:现金和支票存款。
- M2 计入 M1 加上流动性略低的储蓄,如储蓄存款和小额定期存款。
M1 counts: · M1 计入:
M1 is the most liquid layer; M2 adds slightly less liquid savings. · M1 是流动性最高的一层;M2 加上流动性略低的储蓄。
Match each measure to what it includes. · 把每种度量与它包含的内容配对。
M2 is broader and slightly less liquid than M1. · M2 比 M1 更宽、流动性略低。
Two forms of money
- Commodity money 商品货币 has value in itself, like gold coins.
- Fiat money 法定货币 (today's paper notes) has value only because a government declares it legal money and people accept it.
- Fiat money works purely on trust and acceptance.
货币的两种形式
- 商品货币(commodity money)本身有价值,如金币。
- 法定货币(fiat money,今天的纸币)有价值,仅仅是因为政府宣布它是法定货币、人们接受它。
- 法定货币完全靠信任和接受来运作。
Paper money that has value only because the government declares it legal is called ______ money. · 仅因政府宣布其合法而有价值的纸币,叫做______货币。
Fiat money works on trust; commodity money has value in itself. · 法定货币靠信任运作;商品货币本身有价值。
Money does three jobs: medium of exchange, store of value, and unit of account. The money supply is measured in layers — M1 (cash + checking) and M2 (M1 + savings). It takes two forms: commodity money (valuable in itself) and fiat money (valuable by government decree).
货币做三件事:交换媒介、价值储藏和记账单位。货币供给按层衡量——M1(现金 + 支票)和 M2(M1 + 储蓄)。它有两种形式:商品货币(本身有价值)和法定货币(靠政府法令有价值)。