Economic Sectors and Patterns · 经济部门与模式
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| primary sector/ˈpraɪməri ˈsektə/ | 第一产业 | dì yī chǎn yè |
| secondary sector/ˈsekəndəri ˈsektə/ | 第二产业 | dì èr chǎn yè |
| tertiary sector/ˈtɜːʃjəri ˈsektə/ | 第三产业 | dì sān chǎn yè |
| quaternary/kwəˈtɜːnəri/ | 第四产业 | dì sì chǎn yè |
| Weber's least-cost theory/ˈwebəz liːst kɒst ˈθɪəri/ | 韦伯最小成本理论 | wéi bó zuì xiǎo chéng běn lǐ lùn |
Four kinds of jobs
- Jobs fall into sectors, and the mix shifts as a country develops.
- Primary sector 第一产业 extracts raw materials (farming, mining, fishing).
- Secondary sector 第二产业 manufactures raw materials into goods.
四类工作
- 工作分为不同部门,随着国家发展,构成发生变化。
- 第一产业(primary sector)开采原材料(农业、采矿、捕鱼)。
- 第二产业(secondary sector)把原材料制造成商品。
Services and knowledge
- Tertiary sector 第三产业 provides services (retail, transport, healthcare).
- Quaternary 第四产业 handles information and research; the quinary sector is top decision-making.
- Poorer economies lean on the primary sector; richer ones on the tertiary and quaternary.
服务与知识
- 第三产业(tertiary sector)提供服务(零售、交通、医疗)。
- 第四产业(quaternary)处理信息和研究;第五产业是高层决策。
- 较贫穷的经济依靠第一产业;较富裕的依靠第三、第四产业。
Which economic sector? · 属于哪个经济部门？
Sort each job into its economic sector. · 将每种职业按所属经济部门分类。
A software researcher works mainly in the ____ sector. · 软件研究人员主要在____部门工作。
Information and research jobs are quaternary. · 信息与研究类工作是第四产业。
A less-developed economy usually has most workers in the primary sector. · 欠发达经济体通常大多数工人位于第一产业。
Poorer economies lean on farming and extraction (primary). · 较贫穷的经济体依赖农业和开采（第一产业）。
Order the sectors a worker typically shifts through as a country develops. · 按国家发展顺序排列工人通常转换的部门。
Development shifts jobs primary → secondary → tertiary → quaternary. · 发展推动就业从第一产业 → 第二产业 → 第三产业 → 第四产业转移。
Match each job to its sector. · 将每种职业与其所属部门匹配。
Miner = primary; factory = secondary; nurse = tertiary. · 矿工 = 第一产业；工厂 = 第二产业；护士 = 第三产业。
Where industry locates
- Weber's least-cost theory 韦伯最小成本理论 explains where factories locate.
- It balances the cost of transport, labour, and agglomeration (clustering).
- Firms choose the spot where total cost is lowest.
工业选址在哪里
- 韦伯最小成本理论(Weber's least-cost theory)解释工厂在哪里选址。
- 它权衡运输、劳动力和集聚(clustering)的成本。
- 企业选择总成本最低的地方。
The theory that factories locate to minimise transport, labour, and agglomeration costs is ____'s least-cost theory. · 认为工厂选址旨在最小化运输、劳动力和集聚成本的理论是____的最低成本理论。
Weber's least-cost theory finds the lowest-total-cost location. · 韦伯的最低成本理论寻找总成本最低的区位。
The sector mix is a strong clue to development level. A country with most workers in the primary sector is usually less developed; one dominated by tertiary and quaternary jobs is usually more developed. Read the sector balance, not just total output.
部门构成是发展水平的有力线索。大多数工人在第一产业的国家通常欠发达;以第三、第四产业为主的国家通常更发达。要读部门平衡,而非仅看总产出。
In a poor economy, most people farm (primary). As it develops, workers move to factories (secondary), then to shops and offices (tertiary), and finally to research and IT (quaternary). The shifting sector mix tracks development.
在贫穷经济中,大多数人务农(第一产业)。随着发展,工人转向工厂(第二产业),然后是商店和办公室(第三产业),最后是研究和 IT(第四产业)。变化的部门构成反映发展。
Jobs fall into primary (raw materials), secondary (manufacturing), tertiary (services), and quaternary (information) sectors. The mix shifts from primary to tertiary/quaternary as a country develops. Weber's least-cost theory explains where industry locates.
工作分为第一产业(原材料)、第二产业(制造)、第三产业(服务)和第四产业(信息)。随着国家发展,构成从第一产业转向第三/第四产业。韦伯最小成本理论解释工业选址。