Challenges of Urban Sustainability · 城市可持续性的挑战
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| urban heat island/ˈɜːbən hiːt ˈaɪlənd/ | 城市热岛 | chéng shì rè dǎo |
| air pollution/eə pəˈluːʃn/ | 空气污染 | kōng qì wū rǎn |
Cities and the environment
- Cities use huge amounts of energy, water, and land.
- The urban heat island 城市热岛 makes cities hotter than surrounding countryside.
- Concrete and cars trap heat and pump out pollution.
城市与环境
- 城市消耗大量的能源、水和土地。
- 城市热岛(urban heat island)使城市比周围乡村更热。
- 混凝土和汽车吸热并排放污染。
Cities being hotter than the surrounding countryside is called the urban heat... · 城市比周边乡村更热的现象被称为城市热...
The urban heat island makes cities warmer than their surroundings. · 城市热岛使城市比周围环境更温暖。
Pollution and waste
- Traffic and industry cause air pollution 空气污染 that harms health.
- Cities generate mountains of waste and strain water supplies.
- Runoff from paved surfaces pollutes rivers and causes flooding.
污染与废物
- 交通和工业造成危害健康的空气污染(air pollution)。
- 城市产生成山的废物并使供水紧张。
- 铺装路面的径流污染河流并造成洪水。
Problem or solution? · 问题还是解决方案？
Sort each item as an urban sustainability problem or a solution. · 将每项内容分类为城市可持续性问题或解决方案。
Traffic and industry cause air ____ that harms people's health. · 交通和工业导致损害健康的空气____。
Air pollution from traffic and industry is a major urban problem. · 来自交通和工业的空气污染是一个主要的城市问题。
Select all · 所有 ways to make a city cooler and cleaner. · 选择所有使城市变凉快和清洁的方法。
Trees, green roofs, and transit cool and clean; dark asphalt heats the city. · 树木、绿色屋顶和公共交通能降温净化；深色沥青会使城市升温。
Match each item to problem or solution. · 将每项内容与问题或解决方案匹配。
Heat island + pollution = problems; green roofs = a solution. · 热岛 + 污染 = 问题；绿色屋顶 = 解决方案。
The cost of growth
- Extending services to a sprawling edge is expensive.
- Congestion wastes time and fuel and worsens pollution.
- Sustainable cities grow up not out, invest in transit, and add green space.
增长的成本
- 把服务延伸到蔓延的边缘代价高昂。
- 拥堵浪费时间和燃料,加剧污染。
- 可持续城市向上而非向外增长,投资交通,增加绿地。
Growing cities up rather than out generally makes them more sustainable. · 向上而非向外发展城市通常使其更具可持续性。
Compact, transit-served growth cuts sprawl, emissions, and cost. · 紧凑且由公共交通服务的增长减少了蔓延、排放和成本。
The urban heat island is made worse by the very things that build cities — dark roofs, concrete, and cars. Solutions (green roofs, trees, reflective surfaces, transit) exist, but they cost money and require planning. Sustainability is a choice, not automatic.
城市热岛因建造城市的东西——深色屋顶、混凝土和汽车——而加剧。解决方案(绿色屋顶、树木、反射表面、交通)存在,但需要花钱和规划。可持续性是一种选择,而非自动实现。
On a hot day, a city centre of concrete and asphalt can be several degrees hotter than nearby farmland — the urban heat island. Planting street trees, adding green roofs, and cutting car traffic can lower the temperature and clean the air.
在炎热的一天,混凝土和沥青的市中心可能比附近的农田高好几度——城市热岛。种行道树、增加绿色屋顶、减少汽车交通可降低温度并净化空气。
Urban sustainability challenges include the urban heat island, air pollution, waste, water strain, and the cost of sprawl and congestion. Cities respond by growing up not out, investing in transit and green space, and cooling the heat island — all deliberate choices.
城市可持续性挑战包括城市热岛、空气污染、废物、供水紧张,以及蔓延和拥堵的成本。城市以向上而非向外增长、投资交通和绿地、给热岛降温来应对——都是有意的选择。