The Global System of Agriculture · 全球农业体系
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| global supply chain/ˈɡləʊbl səˈplaɪ tʃeɪn/ | 全球供应链 | quán qiú gōng yìng liàn |
| agribusiness/ˈæɡrɪbɪznəs/ | 农业综合企业 | nóng yè zōng hé qǐ yè |
| export commodities/ˈekspɔːt kəˈmɒdɪtiz/ | 出口商品 | chū kǒu shāng pǐn |
| fair trade/feə treɪd/ | 公平贸易 | gōng píng mào yì |
Farming is now global
- Modern farming is a global supply chain 全球供应链.
- Agribusiness 农业综合企业 links farms to seed, machinery, processing, and retail companies.
- Your food may travel thousands of kilometres before you eat it.
农业现在是全球性的
- 现代农业是一条全球供应链(global supply chain)。
- 农业综合企业(agribusiness)把农场与种子、机械、加工和零售公司连接起来。
- 你的食物在你吃到之前可能已经旅行了数千公里。
The web of companies linking farms to seed, processing, and retail is called... · 连接农场与种子、加工及零售企业的网络称为...
Agribusiness links the whole food supply chain. · 农业综合企业链接了整个食品供应链。
Specialisation and dependency
- Many countries specialise in a few export commodities 出口商品 (coffee, cocoa, soy).
- This can make them dependent on world prices they cannot control.
- A price crash can devastate a whole national economy.
专业化与依赖
- 许多国家专门生产少数出口商品(export commodities,咖啡、可可、大豆)。
- 这可能使它们依赖于自己无法控制的世界价格。
- 价格暴跌可摧毁整个国民经济。
Global-chain concept? · 全球链概念？
Match each example to the global-agriculture concept it shows. · 将每个示例与其展示的全球农业概念相匹配。
Depending on a single export commodity makes a country vulnerable to world price swings. · 依赖单一出口商品会使国家面临世界价格波动的风险。
A price crash in the main crop can devastate the economy. · 主粮价格暴跌会摧毁经济。
Select all · 所有 features of the global agricultural system. · 选择所有全球农业系统的特征。
Long chains, agribusiness, and dependency define it; it is highly interconnected, not isolated. · 长链条、农业综合企业和依赖性是其特征；它高度互联，而非孤立存在。
Match each term to its meaning. · 将下列术语与其含义匹配。
Agribusiness = companies; commodity = export crop; fair trade = fair price. · 农业综合企业 = 公司；商品 = 出口作物；公平贸易 = 公平价格。
Inequality and responses
- The global system can be unequal: rich buyers, poor producers.
- Fair trade 公平贸易 pays farmers a fairer, more stable price.
- Local-food and organic movements react against the long global chain.
不平等与应对
- 全球系统可能不平等:富裕的买家,贫穷的生产者。
- 公平贸易(fair trade)付给农民更公平、更稳定的价格。
- 本地食品和有机运动是对漫长全球链条的反应。
A movement that guarantees farmers a fairer, more stable price is called ____ trade. · 保证农民获得更公平、更稳定价格的运动称为____贸易。
Fair trade aims to protect small producers from price crashes. · 公平贸易旨在保护小生产者免受价格暴跌影响。
Depending on one export commodity is risky. If the world price of a country's main crop crashes, it has little to fall back on. This is a legacy of colonial economies built to supply raw materials — not a free choice made by the producers.
依赖单一出口商品是有风险的。如果一个国家主要作物的世界价格暴跌,它几乎没有退路。这是为供应原材料而建立的殖民经济的遗留——而非生产者的自由选择。
A country that earns most of its money from exporting cocoa is at the mercy of the world cocoa price. A bad year or a price crash hits farmers and the whole economy — which is why fair trade tries to guarantee a stable minimum price.
一个大部分收入靠出口可可的国家,受制于世界可可价格。歉收或价格暴跌打击农民和整个经济——这就是为什么公平贸易试图保证一个稳定的最低价格。
Modern farming is a global supply chain run by agribusiness. Many countries depend on a few export commodities, leaving them exposed to world prices. Fair trade, local-food, and organic movements respond to the inequality of the long global chain.
现代农业是由农业综合企业运营的全球供应链。许多国家依赖少数出口商品,使其受制于世界价格。公平贸易、本地食品和有机运动回应漫长全球链条的不平等。