Introduction to Political Geography · 政治地理学导论
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| state/steɪt/ | 国家 | guó jiā |
| nation/ˈneɪʃn/ | 民族 | mín zú |
| sovereignty/ˈsɒvərɪnti/ | 主权 | zhǔ quán |
| political geography/pəˈlɪtɪkl dʒɪˈɒɡrəfi/ | 政治地理学 | zhèng zhì dì lǐ xué |
| nation-state/ˈneɪʃn steɪt/ | 民族国家 | mín zú guó jiā |
| multinational state/ˌmʌltɪˈnæʃənl steɪt/ | 多民族国家 | duō mín zú guó jiā |
| stateless nation/ˈsteɪtləs ˈneɪʃn/ | 无国家民族 | wú guó jiā mín zú |
States, nations, and sovereignty
- A state 国家 is a country with borders, a permanent population, a government, and sovereignty 主权.
- Sovereignty means full control over its own affairs.
- Political geography 政治地理学 studies how humans divide and control space.
国家、民族与主权
- 国家(state)是一个有边界、常住人口、政府和主权(sovereignty)的国家。
- 主权意味着对自身事务的完全控制。
- 政治地理学(political geography)研究人类如何划分和控制空间。
Full control by a state over its own affairs is called... · 国家对自身事务的完全控制称为……
Sovereignty is a state's supreme authority over its territory. · 主权是国家对其领土的最高权威。
Select all · 所有 features every state must have. · 选择所有每个国家必须具备的特征。
Borders, population, and a sovereign government define a state; one religion is not required. · 边界、人口和主权政府定义了一个国家；不需要单一宗教。
Nation vs nation-state
- A nation 民族 is a group with a shared culture and identity.
- A nation-state 民族国家 is a state whose borders match one nation (Japan is close).
- A multinational state 多民族国家 contains several nations.
民族与民族国家
- 民族(nation)是有共同文化和身份的群体。
- 民族国家(nation-state)是边界与一个民族相符的国家(日本接近)。
- 多民族国家(multinational state)包含几个民族。
State, nation, or nation-state? · 国家、民族还是民族国家？
Sort each description as a state, a nation, or a stateless nation. · 将每个描述归类为国家、民族或无国家民族。
Most states in the world are perfect nation-states with exactly one nation. · 世界上大多数国家都是完美的民族国家，恰好只有一个民族。
True nation-states are rare; most states are multinational. · 真正的民族国家很少见；大多数国家是多民族的。
Match each term to its meaning. · 将下列术语与其含义匹配。
State = territory; nation = people; multinational state = many nations. · 国家 = 领土；民族 = 人群；多民族国家 = 许多民族。
Stateless nations
- A stateless nation 无国家民族 is a people with no state of their own (like the Kurds).
- Their identity is strong, but they lack sovereignty over a territory.
- Mismatch between nations and states causes much political conflict.
无国家民族
- 无国家民族(stateless nation)是没有自己国家的民族(如库尔德人)。
- 他们的身份很强,但对某一领土没有主权。
- 民族与国家之间的不匹配造成许多政治冲突。
A people with a strong identity but no state of their own, like the Kurds, is a ____ nation. · 拥有强烈身份认同但没有自己国家的人民，如库尔德人，是一个____民族。
A stateless nation lacks sovereignty over a territory. · 一个无国家民族缺乏对领土的主权。
Do not use "nation", "state", and "country" as loose synonyms. A state is the political territory; a nation is a people. A perfect nation-state (one nation = one state) is actually rare — most states are multinational.
不要把“民族”“国家(state)”“国家(country)”当作随意的同义词。**国家(state)**是政治领土;民族(nation)是一群人。完美的民族国家(一个民族=一个国家)其实很少见——大多数国家是多民族的。
The Kurds are a nation of tens of millions with a shared language and identity, but they are spread across Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria with no state of their own — a classic stateless nation. Japan, by contrast, is close to a true nation-state.
库尔德人是一个有共同语言和身份、人口数千万的民族,却分散在土耳其、伊拉克、伊朗和叙利亚,没有自己的国家——典型的无国家民族。相比之下,日本接近真正的民族国家。
A state has borders, population, government, and sovereignty; a nation is a people with shared identity. A nation-state matches the two (rare); a multinational state has several nations; a stateless nation has none of its own.
国家(state)有边界、人口、政府和主权;民族是有共同身份的人群。民族国家使两者相符(少见);多民族国家有几个民族;无国家民族没有自己的国家。