Population Policies · 人口政策
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| pro-natalist/prəʊ ˈneɪtəlɪst/ | 鼓励生育 | gǔ lì shēng yù |
| anti-natalist/ˈænti ˈneɪtəlɪst/ | 限制生育 | xiàn zhì shēng yù |
Governments try to steer growth
- Governments use population policies to speed up or slow down growth.
- The two main kinds pull in opposite directions.
- Which one a country uses depends on its stage in the DTM.
政府试图引导增长
- 政府用人口政策来加快或减慢增长。
- 两大类政策朝相反方向拉动。
- 一个国家用哪种,取决于它在 DTM 中的阶段。
Pro-natalist policies
- Pro-natalist 鼓励生育 policies encourage more births.
- Tools: cash bonuses, parental leave, free childcare.
- Used where populations are ageing or shrinking — e.g. France, Japan.
鼓励生育政策
- 鼓励生育(pro-natalist)政策鼓励多生。
- 手段:现金奖励、育儿假、免费托儿。
- 用于人口老龄化或萎缩的地方——如法国、日本。
A country with an ageing, shrinking population is most likely to use a ____ policy. · 一个老龄化、萎缩的国家最可能使用____政策。
Ageing/shrinking → encourage births → pro-natalist (bonuses, childcare, leave). · 老龄化/萎缩 → 鼓励生育 → 鼓励生育政策（奖金、托儿服务、产假）。
Select all · 所有 pro-natalist tools. · 选择所有鼓励生育的工具。
Bonuses, childcare, and leave encourage births; a one-child limit is anti-natalist. · 奖金、托儿服务和产假鼓励生育；一孩限额是限制生育。
Anti-natalist policies
- Anti-natalist 限制生育 policies discourage births.
- Tools: family-planning campaigns, contraception, incentives for small families.
- Used where growth is seen as too fast — e.g. India's campaigns.
限制生育政策
- 限制生育(anti-natalist)政策抑制生育。
- 手段:计划生育宣传、避孕、对小家庭的激励。
- 用于被认为增长过快的地方——如印度的宣传。
Pro-natalist or anti-natalist? · 鼓励生育还是限制生育？
Sort each policy as pro-natalist (more births) or anti-natalist (fewer births). · 将每项政策分类为鼓励生育(更多出生)或限制生育(更少出生)。
Anti-natalist policies aim to lower the birth rate. · 限制生育政策旨在降低出生率。
Anti-natalist policies discourage births where growth is seen as too fast. · 限制生育政策在认为增长过快的地方抑制出生。
Match each policy type to a country example. · 将每种政策类型与国家示例匹配。
France pushes births up; India pushed them down; both risk unintended effects. · 法国推动出生率上升；印度推动出生率下降；两者都有风险产生非预期影响。
Population policies often have unintended consequences. A strong anti-natal policy can skew the sex ratio (if families prefer sons) and speed up ageing — which then forces a pro-natal U-turn years later. Policies interact with culture in ways governments rarely foresee.
人口政策常有意想不到的后果。强力的限制生育政策会使性别比失衡(如果家庭偏好儿子)并加速老龄化——这迫使若干年后来一次鼓励生育的大转弯。政策与文化的相互作用,政府很少能预见。
A policy that skews the sex ratio or speeds ageing is said to have unintended . · 导致性别比例失衡或加速老龄化的政策被认为具有非预期。
Population policies often produce unintended consequences that force later reversals. · 人口政策通常产生非预期后果，迫使后来进行逆转。
Singapore's "Stop at Two" campaign was anti-natalist — it slowed growth quickly. But decades later it had left too few young workers to support a fast-ageing population, so Singapore reversed course with pro-natalist bonuses and housing priority for larger families. One policy triggered the need for its opposite.
新加坡的“两个就够了”运动是限制生育的——它很快减慢了增长。但几十年后,它留下过少的年轻劳动者来供养快速老龄化的人口,于是新加坡转向鼓励生育的奖金和大家庭住房优先政策。一项政策引发了对其相反政策的需要。
Pro-natalist policies encourage births (for ageing/shrinking countries); anti-natalist policies discourage them (for fast-growing countries). Both can have unintended consequences — skewed sex ratios and faster ageing — that force a later reversal.
鼓励生育政策鼓励生育(用于老龄化/萎缩国家);限制生育政策抑制生育(用于快速增长国家)。两者都可能有意想不到的后果——性别比失衡和更快老龄化——迫使日后逆转。