Spatial Concepts · 空间概念
| English | 中文 | Pinyin · 拼音 |
|---|---|---|
| absolute location/ˈæbsəluːt ləʊˈkeɪʃn/ | 绝对位置 | jué duì wèi zhì |
| relative location/ˈrelətɪv ləʊˈkeɪʃn/ | 相对位置 | xiāng duì wèi zhì |
| space-time compression/speɪs taɪm kəmˈpreʃn/ | 时空压缩 | shí kōng yā suō |
| distance decay/ˈdɪstəns dɪˈkeɪ/ | 距离衰减 | jù lí shuāi jiǎn |
| spatial pattern/ˈspeɪʃl ˈpætn/ | 空间格局 | kōng jiān gé jú |
| clustered/ˈklʌstəd/ | 聚集 | jù jí |
| dispersed/dɪˈspɜːst/ | 分散 | fēn sàn |
Two ways to give a location
- Absolute location 绝对位置 is an exact address — latitude and longitude.
- Relative location 相对位置 describes a place by what is near it ("north of the river").
- Both are useful: GPS needs absolute, but people think in relative.
描述位置的两种方式
- 绝对位置(absolute location)是精确的地址——经纬度。
- 相对位置(relative location)用附近的事物描述一个地方(“在河的北边”)。
- 两者都有用:GPS 需要绝对位置,但人们习惯用相对位置思考。
Distance is not just kilometres
- Absolute distance is measured in kilometres or miles.
- Relative distance is measured in time, cost, or effort.
- Two places close in km can be far apart in time if the road is bad.
距离不只是公里
- 绝对距离(absolute distance)用公里或英里衡量。
- 相对距离(relative distance)用时间、成本或力气衡量。
- 两个公里数很近的地方,如果路况差,时间上可能很远。
Absolute or relative? · 绝对位置还是相对位置？
Sort each description as absolute or relative location/distance. · 将每个描述归类为绝对或相对的位置/距离。
"Two hours by train from the city" is an example of... · “距城市两小时火车车程”是……的例子
Measured in time · 时间, not km — that is relative distance. · 以时间而非公里为单位测量——这是相对距离。
The world feels smaller
- Space-time compression 时空压缩 is the shrinking of the felt distance between places.
- Faster transport and instant communication cause it.
- Distance decay 距离衰减 means interaction between places weakens as distance grows.
世界感觉变小了
- 时空压缩(space-time compression)是地方之间感觉上的距离在缩小。
- 更快的交通和即时通讯造成了它。
- 距离衰减(distance decay)是指地方之间的互动随距离增大而减弱。
Distance decay means places interact more the farther apart they are. · 距离衰减意味着两地相距越远，互动越强。
Distance decay is the opposite: interaction weakens as distance grows. · 距离衰减恰恰相反：随着距离增加，互动减弱。
The shrinking of felt distance as transport and communication improve is space-time . · 随着交通和通讯的改善，感知距离的缩小即为时空。
Space-time compression collapses relative distance, not absolute distance. · 时空压缩压缩的是相对距离，而非绝对距离。
Match each concept to its meaning. · 将每个概念与其含义进行匹配。
Absolute = coordinates; distance decay = weaker links far away; compression = smaller felt world. · 绝对=坐标；距离衰减=远距离联系减弱；压缩=感知世界变小。
Do not confuse absolute and relative distance. New York and London are thousands of km apart (absolute) but only ~7 hours by plane (relative). A village 50 km away up a mountain road may take longer to reach — relative distance can flip the ranking.
不要混淆绝对距离和相对距离。纽约和伦敦相隔数千公里(绝对),但坐飞机只要约 7 小时(相对)。一个 50 公里外、要走山路的村庄可能更难到达——相对距离能颠倒排序。
Patterns in space
- A spatial pattern 空间格局 is how things are arranged on the land.
- Points can be clustered 聚集, dispersed 分散, or linear (along a line).
- Naming the pattern is the first step in explaining why it is there.
空间中的格局
- 空间格局(spatial pattern)是事物在土地上如何排布。
- 点可以是聚集(clustered)、分散(dispersed),或线性(沿一条线)的。
- 说出格局的名字,是解释它为何存在的第一步。
Select all · 所有 true statements. · 选择所有正确的陈述。
The first three are correct; space-time compression changes relative, not absolute, distance. · 前三项正确；时空压缩改变的是相对距离，而非绝对距离。
Because of space-time compression, a video call to a friend overseas is instant, while a letter once took weeks. The absolute distance has not changed at all — only the relative distance, measured in time, has collapsed.
由于时空压缩,与海外朋友视频通话是即时的,而从前一封信要走好几周。绝对距离完全没变——只有以时间衡量的相对距离坍缩了。
Absolute location/distance is exact (lat-long, km); relative is described by nearby places and measured in time/cost. Space-time compression shrinks felt distance; distance decay weakens interaction over distance. A spatial pattern (clustered, dispersed, linear) is where explanation begins.
绝对位置/距离是精确的(经纬度、公里);相对用附近地方描述,以时间/成本衡量。时空压缩缩小感觉距离;距离衰减使互动随距离减弱。空间格局(聚集、分散、线性)是解释的起点。