Globalisation, Welcomed and Resisted · 全球化：欢迎与抵制
American culture arrives, and divides opinion
- Increased imports of U.S. technology and popular culture after World War II generated both enthusiasm and criticism.
- Both is the operative word — the CED refuses to say the reception was one thing.
- 8.2 had already made the United States a world power; here that power arrives as culture rather than policy.
美国文化到来,并分裂了意见
- 第二次世界大战之后,美国技术与流行文化输入的增加,既产生了热情也产生了批评。
- 既……也是关键词——CED 拒绝把这种接受说成单一的一件事。
- 8.2 已经使美国成为一个世界强国;在这里,那种力量以文化而非政策的形式到来。
U.S. technology and popular culture generated... · 美国技术和流行文化引发了……
The CED refuses to say the reception was one thing. · CED拒绝说接受度只有一种形式。
New technologies multiply connections
- New communication and transportation technologies multiplied the connections across space and time, transforming daily life and contributing to the proliferation of ideas and to globalisation.
- This is 6.3's railway claim, one century on and one order of magnitude larger.
- Proliferation of ideas ties the technological thread to the intellectual one — connection changes what can be thought as well as shipped.
新技术使连接倍增
- 新的通讯与运输技术使跨越空间与时间的连接倍增,改变了日常生活,并促成了观念的扩散与全球化。
- 这是 6.3 关于铁路的主张,在一个世纪之后,规模大了一个数量级。
- 观念的扩散把技术这条线索与思想那条系在一起——连接不仅改变了什么可以被运送,也改变了什么可以被思考。
Select all · 所有 the effects of the new communication and transportation technologies. · 选择所有由新型通信和交通技术带来的影响。
6.3's railway claim, one order of magnitude larger. · 6.3中的铁路主张，大了一个数量级。
An organised critique
- Green parties in Western and Central Europe challenged consumerism, urged sustainable development, and, by the late 20th century, cautioned against globalisation.
- Three positions in sequence, and the CED dates the third: by the late 20th century.
- So the criticism has a party form, which makes it part of 6.1's collective responses rather than only an opinion.
一种有组织的批评
- 西欧与中欧的绿党挑战消费主义、倡导可持续发展,并在 20 世纪后期告诫人们警惕全球化。
- 三个依次出现的立场,而 CED 给第三个定了年代:在 20 世纪后期。
- 因此这种批评具有政党的形态,这使它成为 6.1 中集体回应的一部分,而不只是一种意见。
A cause, a consequence, or the organised critique? · 原因、后果，还是有组织的批判？
Sort each element of European globalisation. · 对欧洲全球化的每个要素进行分类。
Put the Green parties' three positions in the CED's order. · 按CED的顺序排列绿党的三个立场。
The CED dates the third. · CED将第三点定在……
"Both enthusiasm and criticism" is the CED's own balance. Imported U.S. technology and popular culture generated both, and Green parties eventually cautioned against globalisation — so an answer describing only welcome, or only resistance, has taken half of a two-sided claim the CED made deliberately.
"既产生了热情也产生了批评"是 CED 自己的平衡。输入的美国技术与流行文化两者都产生了,而绿党最终告诫人们警惕全球化——因此只描述欢迎或只描述抵制的答案,只取了 CED 有意作出的一项双面主张的一半。
5.5's revolution had the same two-sided shape — many inspired, others condemning. · 5.5的革命具有同样的两面性——许多人受到鼓舞，另一些人表示谴责。
So the honest answer always has two sides. · 因此诚实的答案总是包含两个方面。
Enthusiasm and criticism, all the way through
- The pattern repeats: imports generate both reactions, connection transforms life and provokes a party against it.
- 5.5's revolution had exactly this shape — many were inspired... others condemned.
- So the honest answer to a globalisation question always has two sides, and the CED has supplied both.
自始至终的热情与批评
- 这一模式反复出现:输入既引发热情也引发批评,连接改变生活并激起一个反对它的政党。
- 5.5 的革命正是这种形态——许多人受到鼓舞……另一些人则加以谴责。
- 因此对一个全球化问题的诚实回答总是有两面,而 CED 已经把两面都提供了。
Green parties give the criticism a ____ form, making it a collective response. · 绿党赋予了批评一种____形式，使其成为集体回应。
Not only an opinion. · 不仅是一种观点。
Technological and cultural causes
- The objective asks for the technological and cultural causes and consequences of increasing European globalisation.
- Technological causes: communication and transportation multiplying connections. Cultural causes: imported technology and popular culture.
- Consequences: daily life transformed, ideas proliferating, and an organised critique of both.
技术性与文化性的成因
- 这一目标要求的是欧洲全球化加深的技术性与文化性成因及后果。
- 技术性成因:通讯与运输使连接倍增。文化性成因:被输入的技术与流行文化。
- 后果:日常生活被改变、观念不断扩散,以及针对两者的一种有组织的批评。
The same broadcast that a teenager treats as an opening to the world is treated by a critic as the arrival of somebody else's world. Neither is describing a different broadcast, and a history that keeps only one of them has stopped being a history.
同一档广播节目,一个青少年把它当作通向世界的一扇窗,而一位批评者把它当作别人的世界的到来。两人所描述的并不是不同的节目,而一部只保留其中之一的历史,已经不再是历史。
Increased imports of U.S. technology and popular culture after World War II generated both enthusiasm and criticism, and new communication and transportation technologies multiplied the connections across space and time, transforming daily life and contributing to the proliferation of ideas and to globalisation. Green parties in Western and Central Europe challenged consumerism, urged sustainable development, and, by the late 20th century, cautioned against globalisation — the criticism in organised, party form.
第二次世界大战之后,美国技术与流行文化输入的增加,既产生了热情也产生了批评,而新的通讯与运输技术使跨越空间与时间的连接倍增,改变了日常生活,并促成了观念的扩散与全球化。西欧与中欧的绿党挑战消费主义、倡导可持续发展,并在 20 世纪后期告诫人们警惕全球化——这是以有组织的政党形态出现的批评。