The Congress of Vienna · 维也纳会议
A settlement with two aims
- After the defeat of Napoleon by a coalition of European powers, the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) attempted to restore the balance of power in Europe and contain the danger of revolutionary or nationalistic upheavals in the future.
- Two aims in one sentence: restore the balance of power, and contain revolution and nationalism.
- The CED's verb is attempted, twice-qualified — it does not say the Congress succeeded.
有两个目标的安排
- 在拿破仑被一个欧洲强权联盟击败之后,维也纳会议(1814-1815)试图恢复欧洲的均势,并遏制未来革命或民族主义动荡的危险。
- 一句话里有两个目标:恢复均势,以及遏制革命与民族主义。
- CED 用的动词是试图——它并没有说这次会议成功了。
Select both · 两者 aims the CED gives the Congress. · 选择CED赋予维也纳会议的两个目标。
Two aims in one sentence. · 一句话中包含两个目标。
Balance of power, again
- 3.6 established the balance of power as the eighteenth century's organising principle of diplomacy.
- Vienna restores it, which means the settlement is conservative in method as well as in aim.
- So Napoleonic Europe is treated as a deviation to be undone rather than a new state of affairs to be accepted.
再一次的均势
- 3.6 已确立均势为十八世纪外交的组织原则。
- 维也纳恢复了它,这意味着这套安排在方法上与在目标上同样保守。
- 因此拿破仑的欧洲被当作一个需要被撤销的偏离,而不是一个需要被接受的新局面。
The CED's verb for what the Congress did is... · CED对会议所作所为的动词是……
It does not concede success. · 它并未承认成功。
Containment names its two dangers
- Revolutionary upheaval is the danger from 5.4's principles; nationalistic upheaval is the danger from 5.6's response.
- Naming both is an admission that the previous twenty-five years produced two lasting forces, not one.
- The rest of the course is largely the story of whether containment held.
遏制点出了它的两种危险
- 革命性的动荡是来自 5.4 那些原则的危险;民族主义的动荡是来自 5.6 那种回应的危险。
- 同时点出两者,等于承认过去二十五年产生了两股持久的力量,而不是一股。
- 本课程其余部分,在很大程度上就是遏制是否守住的故事。
An aim, a named danger, or a later consequence? · 是一个目标、一个具体危险，还是一个后续后果？
Sort each element of the Vienna settlement. · 对维也纳体系的每个要素进行排序。
Match each danger to where it came from. · 将每个危险与其来源匹配。
Naming both admits twenty-five years produced two lasting forces. · 同时命名二者承认二十五年间产生了两种持久力量。
The CED says the Congress attempted. It attempted to restore the balance of power and to contain the danger of revolutionary or nationalistic upheavals — the verb does not concede success, and the rest of the course is largely the story of whether containment held.
**CED 说这次会议试图。**它试图恢复均势并遏制革命或民族主义动荡的危险——这个动词并不承认成功,而本课程其余部分在很大程度上就是遏制是否守住的故事。
Restoring the balance of power makes the settlement conservative in method as well as aim. · 恢复均势使该体系在方法和目标上都具有保守性。
Napoleonic Europe is treated as a deviation to be undone. · 拿破仑时代的欧洲被视为需要纠正的偏差。
Why the settlement matters for unit 6
- A settlement designed to contain nationalism sets the terms on which nationalism must later operate.
- So the revolutions and unifications of the next century are arguments with Vienna, not developments unrelated to it.
- Writing the connection forward is what turns a date into a cause.
这套安排为何对第六单元重要
- 一套为遏制民族主义而设计的安排,规定了民族主义日后必须在其中运作的条件。
- 因此下一个世纪的革命与统一,是与维也纳的争辩,而不是与它无关的发展。
- 把这层联系向前写出来,正是把一个年份变成一个原因的方式。
A settlement designed to contain nationalism sets the ____ on which nationalism must later operate. · 旨在遏制民族主义的体系设定了____，民族主义日后必须在此基础上运作。
The next century's revolutions are arguments with Vienna. · 下一世纪的革命是对维也纳的辩论。
Response and consequence
- The objective is how states responded to Napoleonic rule and the consequences of the response.
- Response: a coalition that defeated Napoleon, then a congress that restored and contained.
- Consequence: a European order defined against revolution and nationalism, which both would test.
回应与后果
- 这一目标是各国如何回应拿破仑的统治,以及这种回应的后果。
- 回应:一个击败拿破仑的联盟,随后是一次进行恢复与遏制的会议。
- 后果:一个以反对革命与民族主义来定义自身的欧洲秩序,而两者都将对它构成考验。
A settlement that names the thing it fears has told you what it expects to fight. Listing revolution and nationalism as separate dangers is an admission that twenty-five years produced two forces, and that neither can be undone by redrawing a map.
一套点名了它所惧怕之物的安排,已经告诉了你它预期要对抗什么。把革命与民族主义列为两种不同的危险,等于承认二十五年产生了两股力量,而任何一股都不是重画一张地图就能撤销的。
After the defeat of Napoleon by a coalition of European powers, the Congress of Vienna (1814-1815) attempted to restore the balance of power and contain the danger of revolutionary or nationalistic upheavals in the future. Two aims, one verb — attempted — and two named dangers, one from 5.4's principles and one from 5.6's response.
**在拿破仑被一个欧洲强权联盟击败之后,维也纳会议(1814-1815)试图恢复均势,并遏制未来革命或民族主义动荡的危险。**两个目标、一个动词——试图——以及两种被点名的危险,一种来自 5.4 的原则,一种来自 5.6 的回应。