What the Revolution Set Off · 革命引发了什么
Haiti
- Revolutionary ideals inspired a revolt of enslaved people led by Toussaint L'Ouverture in the French colony of Saint-Domingue, which became the independent nation of Haiti in 1804.
- The CED's verb is inspired: the ideals travelled to a place their authors had not intended them for.
- And the outcome is a nation, dated — the first state in the Americas founded by a revolt of enslaved people.
海地
- 革命理想激发了法属圣多明各由杜桑·卢维杜尔领导的被奴役者起义,该地于 1804 年成为独立国家海地。
- CED 用的动词是激发:这些理想传到了它们的作者并未打算让其抵达的地方。
- 而结果是一个有年代的国家——美洲第一个由被奴役者起义所建立的国家。
The CED's verb for the ideals reaching Saint-Domingue is... · CED 用来描述这些理想抵达圣多明各的动词是……
They travelled to a place their authors had not intended them for. · 它们传到了作者并未打算让其抵达的地方。
Two reactions across Europe
- While many were inspired by the revolution's emphasis on equality and human rights, others condemned its violence and disregard for traditional authority.
- The CED gives both reactions equal grammatical weight and does not adjudicate between them.
- So this subtopic is where the political argument of the next century begins, with both positions already stated.
欧洲的两种反应
- 许多人为这场革命对平等与人权的强调所鼓舞,而另一些人则谴责它的暴力与对传统权威的漠视。
- CED 给这两种反应同等的语法分量,而不在两者之间作出裁决。
- 因此本小节正是下一个世纪政治论争的起点,而两种立场此时都已被说出。
Select both · 两者 grounds for condemnation the CED names. · 选出 CED 点名的两条谴责理由。
They are separable — a critic could accept the principles and reject the Terror. · 它们是可以分开的——批评者可以接受原则而拒斥恐怖统治。
Why ideals travel
- A claim stated as universal cannot easily be confined: the rights of man has no clause restricting it to France.
- 4.3's natural-rights language is portable precisely because it does not name a people.
- So the same feature that made the argument powerful at home made it uncontainable abroad.
理想为何传播
- 一个以普遍形式陈述的主张,不易被圈住:"人的权利"里没有一条把它限定于法国的条款。
- 4.3 的自然权利语言之所以可携带,恰恰是因为它没有指名某一个民族。
- 因此使这一论证在国内有力的那个特点,也使它在国外无法被遏制。
Follow the Revolution's effects outward · 向外追踪革命的影响
The ideals ran further than their authors intended, and the contradiction beside them is examinable too. · 这些理想传播得比其作者预想的更远,而与之并存的矛盾同样是考点。
Saint-Domingue became the independent nation of Haiti in ____. · 圣多明各于 ____ 年成为独立国家海地。
The first state in the Americas founded by a revolt of enslaved people. · 美洲第一个由被奴役者起义所建立的国家。
The CED gives inspiration and condemnation equal weight, and does not adjudicate. Many were inspired by the emphasis on equality and human rights; others condemned the violence and disregard for traditional authority — and both positions are ideas the revolution produced.
**CED 给鼓舞与谴责同等的分量,并不作裁决。**许多人为对平等与人权的强调所鼓舞;另一些人谴责暴力与对传统权威的漠视——而两种立场都是这场革命所产生的观念。
Natural-rights language is portable because it... · 自然权利的语言之所以可携带,是因为它……
What made the argument powerful at home made it uncontainable abroad. · 使这一论证在国内有力的东西,也使它在国外无法被遏制。
And why it was condemned
- The CED names two grounds for condemnation: violence and disregard for traditional authority.
- They are separable — a critic could accept the principles and reject the Terror, or reject both.
- 5.7's Congress of Vienna and 5.8's Romanticism are two different responses built on that condemnation.
以及它为何受到谴责
- CED 点出了两条谴责的理由:暴力与对传统权威的漠视。
- 它们是可以分开的——一位批评者可以接受这些原则而拒斥恐怖统治,也可以两者都拒斥。
- 5.7 的维也纳会议与 5.8 的浪漫主义,是建立在这种谴责之上的两种不同回应。
An answer giving only the inspiration has recorded half of what the CED says. · 只给出鼓舞一面的答案,只记录了 CED 所说内容的一半。
Both the inspiration and the condemnation are ideas the revolution produced. · 鼓舞与谴责都是这场革命所产生的观念。
Influence on political and social ideas
- The objective is how the events and developments of the French Revolution influenced political and social ideas.
- So the answer is about ideas, and both the inspiration and the condemnation are ideas the revolution produced.
- An answer that gives only one side has recorded half of what the CED says the revolution influenced.
对政治与社会观念的影响
- 这一目标是法国大革命的事件与发展如何影响了政治与社会观念。
- 因此答案关乎观念,而鼓舞与谴责都是这场革命所产生的观念。
- 只给出一边的答案,只记录了 CED 所说这场革命影响之物的一半。
A declaration written to justify one country's constitution is read in a colony by people it did not have in mind. Its authors cannot object without abandoning the universality that gave the document its force. That is why the CED's verb is inspired and not permitted.
一份为某国宪制辩护而写下的宣言,在一块殖民地被它并未设想到的人们读到。它的作者无法在不放弃这份文件之所以有力量的普遍性的前提下提出反对。这正是 CED 用的动词是"激发"而不是"允许"的原因。
Revolutionary ideals inspired a revolt of enslaved people led by Toussaint L'Ouverture in Saint-Domingue, which became the independent nation of Haiti in 1804. While many were inspired by the emphasis on equality and human rights, others condemned its violence and disregard for traditional authority — the CED gives both equal weight, and both are ideas the revolution produced.
革命理想激发了圣多明各由杜桑·卢维杜尔领导的被奴役者起义,该地于 1804 年成为独立国家海地。 许多人为对平等与人权的强调所鼓舞,而另一些人谴责它的暴力与对传统权威的漠视——CED 给两者同等分量,而两者都是这场革命所产生的观念。